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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:53 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015186
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15186
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePenicillin G
DescriptionPenicillin G is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. Penicillin G may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions.
Structure
Data?1582753268
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acidChEBI
6-(2-Phenylacetamido)penicillanic acidChEBI
BencilpenicilinaChEBI
BensylpenicillinChEBI
Benzyl benicillinChEBI
BenzylpenicillineChEBI
Benzylpenicillinic acidChEBI
BenzylpenicillinumChEBI
Free penicillin IIChEBI
PCGChEBI
PGChEBI
BenzylpenicillinKegg
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylateGenerator
6-(2-Phenylacetamido)penicillanateGenerator
BenzylpenicillinateGenerator
Antibioticos brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Britannia brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Or-penHMDB
PekaminHMDB
PenibiotHMDB
PfizerpenHMDB
SodipenHMDB
Van-pen-gHMDB
Benzylpenicillin potassiumHMDB
CEPA brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Grünenthal brand OF penicillin g potassiumHMDB
Jenapharm brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Llorente brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Medical brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Normon brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Penicillin grünenthalHMDB
Sodium penicillinHMDB
UrsopenHMDB
BenpenHMDB
ColiriocilinaHMDB
Ern brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Lakeside brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Medical brand OF penicillin g potassiumHMDB
Ortega brand OF penicillin g potassiumHMDB
Penicilina g llorenteHMDB
Penicillin g potassiumHMDB
PenilevelHMDB
PenirogerHMDB
Pfizer brand OF penicillin g potassiumHMDB
SodiopenHMDB
Sodium benzylpenicillinHMDB
UCB brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
UnicilinaHMDB
Bioniche brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
CSL Brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Clonmel brand OF penicillin g sodiumHMDB
CrystapenHMDB
ParcillinHMDB
Parmed brand OF penicillin g potassiumHMDB
PengesodHMDB
Penicillin g jenapharmHMDB
Penicillin g sodiumHMDB
Vangard brand OF penicillin g potassiumHMDB
Penicillin gChEBI
Chemical FormulaC16H18N2O4S
Average Molecular Weight334.39
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight334.098727764
IUPAC Name(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Namepenicillin G
CAS Registry Number61-33-6
SMILES
[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C16H18N2O4S/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)23-16)17-10(19)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1
InChI KeyJGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentDipeptides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-dipeptide
  • Penicillin
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Phenylacetamide
  • Penam
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Beta-lactam
  • Thiazolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Azetidine
  • Carboxamide group
  • Lactam
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Azacycle
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Dialkylthioether
  • Hemithioaminal
  • Thioether
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point214 - 217 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.28 g/LNot Available
LogP1.5Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available174.546http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001284
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.28 g/LALOGPS
logP1.92ALOGPS
logP1.08ChemAxon
logS-3.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.53ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area86.71 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity84.53 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability33.54 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+175.94931661259
DarkChem[M-H]-167.97631661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-211.18930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+186.24930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+174.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+172.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+177.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+178.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-177.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-177.432859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-177.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Penicillin G[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O4237.5Standard polar33892256
Penicillin G[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O2594.4Standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O2770.6Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Penicillin G,1TMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2628.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,1TMS,isomer #2CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O2595.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,2TMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2555.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,2TMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2612.2Standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,2TMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C3163.9Standard polar33892256
Penicillin G,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2870.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O2813.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2995.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3052.5Standard non polar33892256
Penicillin G,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3361.8Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penicillin G GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9111000000-c26265c0b3a7beb3ec2b2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penicillin G GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-006x-9010000000-bdb726ea699de6cfed1c2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penicillin G GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Penicillin G GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-ea40b52a677fe59a6de12021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-6b0ced613495ec7786cd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9200000000-fa9a998d05d785d35da32021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 0V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03fr-0905000000-c9ebf3278702ed3da9ae2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03fr-1900000000-cd0eb273a5bf00dd85b52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 0V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03fr-0905000000-45176c1f74d7cbe0cfa42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03fr-1901000000-1ba3d8bff84b3c6fb96a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01ox-9500000000-f670b692d530e470875a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9300000000-fdbd4edd10aa9a29a4f32021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-2900000000-e8940b6589f2b95e34032021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0400-2932000000-92082dd94f7c14c5ee1d2016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0900-4920000000-957ebfd788454d96fea62016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0btc-9400000000-b7dc0535d63c2db405352016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0920000000-d47e30dbb9656c5046b72016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0930000000-1e3178016f1241e6e74e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-002f-9600000000-c161010ceaa25b82e55e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0229000000-8e49abf86f7c84100d012021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0hfx-3952000000-dd2b2b12cee1c489c1c22021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-8900000000-56c739c89af830c4b25b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0019000000-847ef8ad73cfc8da19b42021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9702000000-9fa2f54365ec6ff4b0412021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Penicillin G 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-5dea18185be80fe32e192021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01053 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01053 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01053
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID5693
KEGG Compound IDC05551
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBenzylpenicillin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5904
PDB IDPNN
ChEBI ID18208
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Eagle H, Newman E, Musselman AD, Robinson M, Birmingham M: THE RENAL CLEARANCE OF PENICILLINS F, G, K, AND X IN RABBITS AND MAN. J Clin Invest. 1947 Sep;26(5):903-18. [PubMed:16695494 ]
  2. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C3, leukotriene E4, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. May play an important role in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver
Gene Name:
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y6L6
Molecular weight:
76448.0
References
  1. Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3
Gene Name:
SLC22A5
Uniprot ID:
O76082
Molecular weight:
62751.1
References
  1. Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Rajan DP, Carter AL, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707. [PubMed:10636865 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost
Gene Name:
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID:
O94956
Molecular weight:
76697.9
References
  1. Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds
Gene Name:
SLC22A11
Uniprot ID:
Q9NSA0
Molecular weight:
59970.9
References
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Tojo A, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Role of human organic anion transporter 4 in the transport of ochratoxin A. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jun 12;1590(1-3):64-75. [PubMed:12063169 ]
  2. Takeda M, Khamdang S, Narikawa S, Kimura H, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of methotrexate transport and its drug interactions with human organic anion transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):666-71. [PubMed:12130730 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 1.78. A key substrate of this transporter seems to be ergothioneine (ET)
Gene Name:
SLC22A4
Uniprot ID:
Q9H015
Molecular weight:
62154.5
References
  1. Yabuuchi H, Tamai I, Nezu J, Sakamoto K, Oku A, Shimane M, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):768-73. [PubMed:10215651 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products
Gene Name:
SLC15A1
Uniprot ID:
P46059
Molecular weight:
78805.3
References
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [PubMed:15567297 ]
  2. Tsuji A: Transporter-mediated Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(4):253-74. [PubMed:15618677 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides
Gene Name:
SLC15A2
Uniprot ID:
Q16348
Molecular weight:
81782.8
References
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [PubMed:15567297 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodo-L-thyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and rT3, and of estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate
Gene Name:
SLCO4A1
Uniprot ID:
Q96BD0
Molecular weight:
77192.5
References
  1. Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:10873595). Mediates transport of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2, thyroxine (T4), deltorphin II, BQ-123 and vasopressin, but not DPDPE (a derivative of enkephalin lacking an N-terminal tyrosine residue), estrone-3- sulfate, taurocholate, digoxin nor DHEAS (PubMed:16971491)
Gene Name:
SLCO3A1
Uniprot ID:
Q9UIG8
Molecular weight:
76552.1
References
  1. Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of endogenous dicarboxylic acid (glutarate, ketoglutarate, etc). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of p- aminohippurate (PAH), ochratoxin (OTA), acyclovir (ACV), 3'-azido- 3-'deoxythymidine (AZT), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro- phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), hippurate (HA), indoleacetate (IA), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2- furanpropionate (CMPF), cidofovir, adefovir, 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) diaminopurine (PMEDAP) and edaravone sulfate. PAH uptake is inhibited by p- chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS), diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), sulindac, diclofenac, carprofen, glutarate and okadaic acid. PAH uptake is inhibited by benzothiazolylcysteine (BTC), S-chlorotrifluoroethylcysteine (CTFC), cysteine S-conjugates S-dichlorovinylcysteine (DCVC), furosemide, steviol, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, benzylpenicillin, furosemide, indomethacin, bumetamide, losartan, probenecid, phenol red, urate, and alpha-ketoglutarate
Gene Name:
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID:
Q4U2R8
Molecular weight:
61815.8
References
  1. Jung KY, Takeda M, Kim DK, Tojo A, Narikawa S, Yoo BS, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of ochratoxin A transport by human organic anion transporters. Life Sci. 2001 Sep 21;69(18):2123-35. [PubMed:11669456 ]
  2. Takeda M, Khamdang S, Narikawa S, Kimura H, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of methotrexate transport and its drug interactions with human organic anion transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):666-71. [PubMed:12130730 ]
  3. Hosoyamada M, Sekine T, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a multispecific organic anion transporter from human kidney. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1 Pt 2):F122-8. [PubMed:9887087 ]
  4. Lu R, Chan BS, Schuster VL: Cloning of the human kidney PAH transporter: narrow substrate specificity and regulation by protein kinase C. Am J Physiol. 1999 Feb;276(2 Pt 2):F295-303. [PubMed:9950961 ]
  5. Jariyawat S, Sekine T, Takeda M, Apiwattanakul N, Kanai Y, Sophasan S, Endou H: The interaction and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics with the cloned rat renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):672-7. [PubMed:10411577 ]
  6. Hasegawa M, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama D, Ito K, Ueda S, Endou H, Sugiyama Y: Functional involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3; Slc22a8) in the renal uptake of organic anions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):746-53. [PubMed:11861777 ]