Primary ciliary dyskinesia-34 (CILD34) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by childhood onset of recurrent sinopulmonary infections due to impaired ciliary function. Affected males are infertile due to impaired sperm function and viability. Laterality defects have not been observed in this type of CILD (summary by El Khouri et al., 2016). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).

Primary ciliary dyskinesia-40 (CILD40) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a relatively mild respiratory phenotype compared to other CILDs. Patients present in childhood with mild upper respiratory symptoms and infections, but typically do not develop serious lung disease. Nitric oxide levels are low-normal or normal. All reported patients have had situs inversus, including several with severe congenital cardiac malformations, but left-right body asymmetry is still theoretically random and would occur in 50% of patients (summary by Loges et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia and Kartagener syndrome, see CILD1 (244400).