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Fulminant hepatic failure

MedGen UID:
1830332
Concept ID:
C5779644
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Fulminant Hepatic Failure; Fulminant Hepatic Failures; Fulminant Liver Failure; Fulminant Liver Failures; Fulminating Hepatic Failure; Fulminating Hepatic Failures; Fulminating Liver Failure; Fulminating Liver Failures; Hepatic Failure, Fulminant; Hepatic Failure, Fulminating; Liver Failure, Fulminant; Liver Failure, Fulminating
SNOMED CT: Fulminant hepatic failure (235884008); FHF - Fulminant hepatic failure (235884008)
 
HPO: HP:0004448

Definition

Hepatic failure refers to the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions, which can result in coagulopathy and alteration in the mental status of a previously healthy individual. Hepatic failure is defined as fulminant if there is onset of encephalopathy within 4 weeks of the onset of symptoms in a patient with a previously healthy liver. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

Conditions with this feature

Deficiency of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
MedGen UID:
266222
Concept ID:
C1291230
Disease or Syndrome
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is an inherited condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during prolonged periods without food (fasting).\n\nInitial signs and symptoms of this disorder typically occur during infancy or early childhood and can include poor appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and lack of energy (lethargy). Affected individuals can also have muscle weakness (hypotonia), liver problems, low blood glucose (hypoglycemia), and abnormally high levels of insulin (hyperinsulinism). Insulin controls the amount of glucose that moves from the blood into cells for conversion to energy. Individuals with 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency are also at risk for complications such as seizures, life-threatening heart and breathing problems, coma, and sudden death. This condition may explain some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which is defined as unexplained death in babies younger than 1 year.\n\nProblems related to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency can be triggered by periods of fasting or by illnesses such as viral infections. This disorder is sometimes mistaken for Reye syndrome, a severe disorder that may develop in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.
Hepatoencephalopathy due to combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 1
MedGen UID:
322999
Concept ID:
C1836797
Disease or Syndrome
Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with variable manifestations resulting from a defect in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Onset occurs at or soon after birth, and features can include growth retardation, microcephaly, hypertonicity, axial hypotonia, encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, and liver dysfunction. Death usually occurs in the first weeks or years of life (summary by Smits et al., 2011). Genetic Heterogeneity of Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency See also COXPD2 (610498), caused by mutation in the MRPS16 gene (609204) on 10q22; COXPD3 (610505), caused by mutation in the TSFM gene (604723) on 12q14; COXPD4 (610678), caused by mutation in the TUFM gene (602389) on 16p11; COXPD5 (611719), caused by mutation in the MRPS22 gene (605810) on 3q23; COXPD6 (300816), caused by mutation in the AIFM1 gene (300169) on Xq26; COXPD7 (613559), caused by mutation in the MTRFR gene (613541) on 12q24; COXPD8 (614096), caused by mutation in the AARS2 gene (612035) on 6p21; COXPD9 (614582), caused by mutation in the MRPL3 gene (607118) on 3q22; COXPD10 (614702), caused by mutation in the MTO1 gene (614667) on 6q13; COXPD11 (614922), caused by mutation in the RMND1 gene (614917) on 6q25; COXPD12 (614924), caused by mutation in the EARS2 gene (612799) on 16p13; COXPD13 (614932), caused by mutation in the PNPT1 gene (610316) on 2p16; COXPD14 (614946), caused by mutation in the FARS2 gene (611592) on 6p25; COXPD15 (614947), caused by mutation in the MTFMT gene (611766) on 15q; COXPD16 (615395), caused by mutation in the MRPL44 gene (611849) on 2q36; COXPD17 (615440), caused by mutation in the ELAC2 gene (605367) on 17p11; COXPD18 (615578), caused by mutation in the SFXN4 gene (615564) on 10q26; COXPD19 (615595), caused by mutation in the LYRM4 gene (613311) on 6p25; COXPD20 (615917), caused by mutation in the VARS2 gene (612802) on 6p21; COXPD21 (615918), caused by mutation in the TARS2 gene (612805) on 1q21; COXPD22 (616045), caused by mutation in the ATP5A1 gene (164360) on 18q12; COXPD23 (616198), caused by mutation in the GTPBP3 (608536) gene on 19p13; COXPD24 (616239), caused by mutation in the NARS2 gene (612803) on 11q14; COXPD25 (616430), caused by mutation in the MARS2 gene (609728) on 2q33; COXPD26 (616539), caused by mutation in the TRMT5 gene (611023) on 14q23; COXPD27 (616672), caused by mutation in the CARS2 gene (612800) on 13q34; COXPD28 (616794), caused by mutation in the SLC25A26 gene (611037) on 3p14; COXPD29 (616811), caused by mutation in the TXN2 gene (609063) on 22q12; COXPD30 (616974), caused by mutation in the TRMT10C gene (615423) on 3q12; and COXPD31 (617228), caused by mutation in the MIPEP gene (602241) on 13q12; COXPD32 (617664), caused by mutation in the MRPS34 gene (611994) on 16q13; COXPD33 (617713), caused by mutation in the C1QBP gene (601269) on 17p13; and COXPD34 (617872), caused by mutation in the MRPS7 gene (611974) on 17q25; COXPD35 (617873), caused by mutation in the TRIT1 gene (617840) on 1p34; COXPD36 (617950), caused by mutation in the MRPS2 gene (611971) on 9q34; COXPD37 (618329), caused by mutation in the MICOS13 gene (616658) on 19p13; COXPD38 (618378), caused by mutation in the MRPS14 gene (611978) on 1q23; COXPD39 (618397), caused by mutation in the GFM2 gene (606544) on 5q13; COXPD40 (618835), caused by mutation in the QRSL1 gene (617209) on 6q21; COXPD41 (618838), caused by mutation in the GATB gene (603645) on 4q31; COXPD42 (618839), caused by mutation in the GATC gene (617210) on 12q24; COXPD43 (618851), caused by mutation in the TIMM22 gene (607251) on 17p13; COXPD44 (618855), caused by mutation in the FASTKD2 gene (612322) on 2q33; COXPD45 (618951), caused by mutation in the MRPL12 gene (602375) on 17q25; COXPD46 (618952), caused by mutation in the MRPS23 gene (611985) on 17q22; COXPD47 (618958), caused by mutation in the MRPS28 gene (611990) on 8q21; COXPD48 (619012), caused by mutation in the NSUN3 gene (617491) on 3q11; COXPD49 (619024), caused by mutation in the MIEF2 gene (615498) on 17p11; COXPD50 (619025), caused by mutation in the MRPS25 gene (611987) on 3p25; COXPD51 (619057), caused by mutation in the PTCD3 gene (614918) on 2p11; COXPD52 (619386), caused by mutation in the NFS1 gene (603485) on 20q11; COXPD53 (619423), caused by mutation in the C2ORF69 gene (619219) on 2q33; and COXPD54 (619737), caused by mutation in the PRORP gene (609947) on 14q13.; COXPD55 (619743), caused by mutation in the POLRMT gene (601778) on 19p13; COXPD56 (620139), caused by mutation in the TAMM41 gene (614948) on 3p25; COXPD57 (620167), caused by mutation in the CRLS1 gene (608188) on 20p12; COXPD58 (620451), caused by mutation in the TEFM gene (616422) on 17q11; and COXPD59 (620646), caused by mutation in the MRPL39 gene (611845) on 21q21.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 16 (hepatic type)
MedGen UID:
1684495
Concept ID:
C5193142
Disease or Syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Hasan I, Rashid T, Chirila RM, Ghali P, Wadei HM
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Kodali S, McGuire BM
Clin Liver Dis 2015 Aug;19(3):565-76. Epub 2015 May 26 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.04.006. PMID: 26195209

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Larsen FS, Schmidt LE, Bernsmeier C, Rasmussen A, Isoniemi H, Patel VC, Triantafyllou E, Bernal W, Auzinger G, Shawcross D, Eefsen M, Bjerring PN, Clemmesen JO, Hockerstedt K, Frederiksen HJ, Hansen BA, Antoniades CG, Wendon J
J Hepatol 2016 Jan;64(1):69-78. Epub 2015 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.08.018. PMID: 26325537
Loudianos G, Lepori MB, Mameli E, Dessì V, Zappu A
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Diagnosis

Chanpong A, Dhawan A
Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022 Jan-Feb;28(1):21-31. doi: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_501_21. PMID: 35042319Free PMC Article
Hasan I, Rashid T, Chirila RM, Ghali P, Wadei HM
Rom J Intern Med 2021 Sep 1;59(3):227-261. Epub 2021 Aug 26 doi: 10.2478/rjim-2021-0006. PMID: 33544554
Guindi M
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Lohse AW, Mieli-Vergani G
J Hepatol 2011 Jul;55(1):171-82. Epub 2010 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.012. PMID: 21167232

Therapy

Chanpong A, Dhawan A
Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022 Jan-Feb;28(1):21-31. doi: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_501_21. PMID: 35042319Free PMC Article
Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, Buckley NA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Feb 23;2(2):CD003328. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003328.pub3. PMID: 29473717Free PMC Article
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J Hepatol 2016 Jan;64(1):69-78. Epub 2015 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.08.018. PMID: 26325537
Kodali S, McGuire BM
Clin Liver Dis 2015 Aug;19(3):565-76. Epub 2015 May 26 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.04.006. PMID: 26195209
Lohse AW, Mieli-Vergani G
J Hepatol 2011 Jul;55(1):171-82. Epub 2010 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.012. PMID: 21167232

Prognosis

de Boer YS, Sherker AH
Clin Liver Dis 2017 Feb;21(1):135-149. Epub 2016 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2016.08.010. PMID: 27842768Free PMC Article
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Clinical prediction guides

Garcia-Cortes M, Robles-Diaz M, Stephens C, Ortega-Alonso A, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ
Arch Toxicol 2020 Oct;94(10):3381-3407. Epub 2020 Aug 27 doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02885-1. PMID: 32852569
Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, Buckley NA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Feb 23;2(2):CD003328. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003328.pub3. PMID: 29473717Free PMC Article
Larsen FS, Schmidt LE, Bernsmeier C, Rasmussen A, Isoniemi H, Patel VC, Triantafyllou E, Bernal W, Auzinger G, Shawcross D, Eefsen M, Bjerring PN, Clemmesen JO, Hockerstedt K, Frederiksen HJ, Hansen BA, Antoniades CG, Wendon J
J Hepatol 2016 Jan;64(1):69-78. Epub 2015 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.08.018. PMID: 26325537
Loudianos G, Lepori MB, Mameli E, Dessì V, Zappu A
Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2014;35(1):93-8. PMID: 24798599
Liang TJ
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Recent systematic reviews

Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, Buckley NA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Feb 23;2(2):CD003328. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003328.pub3. PMID: 29473717Free PMC Article
Wong A, Graudins A
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017 Sep;55(8):879-892. Epub 2017 Apr 27 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1317349. PMID: 28447858
Brok J, Buckley N, Gluud C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD003328. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003328.pub2. PMID: 16625578
Bailey B, Amre DK, Gaudreault P
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Brok J, Buckley N, Gluud C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(3):CD003328. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003328. PMID: 12137690

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