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Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections

MedGen UID:: 199830
•Concept ID:: C0752182
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:

CNS Protozoal Infection; CNS Protozoal Infections; Infection, Central Nervous System, Protozoal; Infection, CNS Protozoal; Infections, CNS Protozoal; Infections, Protozoal, Central Nervous System; Protozoal Infection, CNS; Protozoal Infections, Central Nervous System; Protozoal Infections, CNS

Definition

Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the former subkingdom known as protozoa. The central nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of protozoal infection. These diseases may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVCentral Nervous System Protozoal Infections

Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
- Clinical finding
  - Finding by Cause
    - Infection
      - Disease caused by parasite
        Parasitic infection of central nervous system
        Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections
        Cerebral malaria
        Cerebral toxoplasmosis
        Congenital toxoplasmosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Cerebral malaria induced by plasmodium falciparum: clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Song X, Wei W, Cheng W, Zhu H, Wang W, Dong H, Li J
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:939532. Epub 2022 Jul 25 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.939532. PMID: 35959375 Free PMC Article

HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Bowen LN, Smith B, Reich D, Quezado M, Nath A
Nat Rev Neurol 2016 Oct 27;12(11):662-674. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.149. PMID: 27786246

Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. Epub 2015 Aug 10 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. PMID: 26259797 Free PMC Article

See all (302)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment.

Haston JC, Cope JR
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023 Jun 1;36(3):186-191. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000923. PMID: 37093056 Free PMC Article

Microglia in neuropathology caused by protozoan parasites.

Figarella K, Wolburg H, Garaschuk O, Duszenko M
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020 Apr;95(2):333-349. Epub 2019 Nov 4 doi: 10.1111/brv.12566. PMID: 31682077

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.

Jahangeer M, Mahmood Z, Munir N, Waraich UE, Tahir IM, Akram M, Ali Shah SM, Zulfqar A, Zainab R
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020 Feb;47(2):199-212. Epub 2019 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13192. PMID: 31612525

The therapeutic strategies against Naegleria fowleri.

Bellini NK, Santos TM, da Silva MTA, Thiemann OH
Exp Parasitol 2018 Apr;187:1-11. Epub 2018 Mar 1 doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.010. PMID: 29501696

Infections with free-living amebae.

Visvesvara GS
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;114:153-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00010-8. PMID: 23829906

See all (55)

Diagnosis

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis and Treatments.

Güémez A, García E
Biomolecules 2021 Sep 6;11(9) doi: 10.3390/biom11091320. PMID: 34572533 Free PMC Article

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.

Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. Epub 2015 Aug 10 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. PMID: 26259797 Free PMC Article

Rickettsiae, protozoa, and opisthokonta/metazoa.

Schmutzhard E, Helbok R
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;121:1403-43. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00096-1. PMID: 24365428

Infections with free-living amebae.

Visvesvara GS
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;114:153-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00010-8. PMID: 23829906

See all (169)

Therapy

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis and Treatments.

Güémez A, García E
Biomolecules 2021 Sep 6;11(9) doi: 10.3390/biom11091320. PMID: 34572533 Free PMC Article

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.

The therapeutic strategies against Naegleria fowleri.

Bellini NK, Santos TM, da Silva MTA, Thiemann OH
Exp Parasitol 2018 Apr;187:1-11. Epub 2018 Mar 1 doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.010. PMID: 29501696

Targeting Brain-Eating Amoebae Infections.

Khan NA, Ong TYY, Siddiqui R
ACS Chem Neurosci 2017 Apr 19;8(4):687-688. Epub 2017 Feb 22 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00049. PMID: 28225265

Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. Epub 2015 Aug 10 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. PMID: 26259797 Free PMC Article

See all (82)

Prognosis

Laboratory Diagnosis of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

Rojo JU, Rajendran R, Salazar JH
Lab Med 2023 Sep 5;54(5):e124-e132. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmac158. PMID: 36638160

Naegleria fowleri.

Harris GR, Batra R
N Engl J Med 2020 Sep 10;383(11):1057. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2002528. PMID: 32905679

Passage of parasites across the blood-brain barrier.

Masocha W, Kristensson K
Virulence 2012 Mar-Apr;3(2):202-12. Epub 2012 Mar 1 doi: 10.4161/viru.19178. PMID: 22460639 Free PMC Article

Sleeping sickness and the brain.

Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
Cell Mol Life Sci 2002 May;59(5):845-58. doi: 10.1007/s00018-002-8472-0. PMID: 12088284

AIDS and Chagas' disease.

Corti M
AIDS Patient Care STDS 2000 Nov;14(11):581-8. doi: 10.1089/10872910050193752. PMID: 11155899

See all (88)

Clinical prediction guides

Role of cathepsin B of Naegleria fowleri during primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Rodríguez-Mera IB, Carrasco-Yépez MM, Vásquez-Moctezuma I, Correa-Basurto J, Salinas GR, Castillo-Ramírez DA, Rosales-Cruz É, Rojas-Hernández S
Parasitol Res 2022 Nov;121(11):3287-3303. Epub 2022 Sep 20 doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07660-y. PMID: 36125528 Free PMC Article

The First Molecular Genotyping of Naegleria fowleri Causing Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis in Thailand With Epidemiology and Clinical Case Reviews.

Soontrapa P, Jitmuang A, Ruenchit P, Tiewcharoen S, Sarasombath PT, Rattanabannakit C
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:931546. Epub 2022 Jul 13 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.931546. PMID: 35909963 Free PMC Article

Is Naegleria fowleri an Emerging Parasite?

Maciver SK, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J
Trends Parasitol 2020 Jan;36(1):19-28. Epub 2019 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.10.008. PMID: 31744676

Review of clinical presentations in Thai patients with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

Wiwanitkit V
MedGenMed 2004 Mar 8;6(1):2. PMID: 15208515 Free PMC Article

Cerebral trypanosomiasis and AIDS.

Antunes AC, Cecchini FM, Bolli Fv, Oliveira PP, Reboucas RG, Monte TL, Fricke D
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2002 Sep;60(3-B):730-3. PMID: 12364939

See all (30)

Recent systematic reviews

Systematic Review of Brain-Eating Amoeba: A Decade Update.

Ahmad Zamzuri M'I, Abd Majid FN, Mihat M, Ibrahim SS, Ismail M, Abd Aziz S, Mohamed Z, Rejali L, Yahaya H, Abdullah Z, Hassan MR, Dapari R, Mohd Isa AM
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023 Feb 9;20(4) doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043021. PMID: 36833715 Free PMC Article

See all (1)

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Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Practice guidelines

Related information

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