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Vulval Infection

MedGen UID:
305722
•Concept ID:
C1699561
•
Disease or Syndrome

Definition

An infectious process affecting the vulva. Causative agents include human papillomavirus, herpes virus, Trichomonas, and Candida. Symptoms include itching and pain in the genital area and discharge. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVulval Infection

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection.
Ray A, Ray S, George AT, Swaminathan N
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Aug 10;(8):CD008739. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008739.pub2. PMID: 21833970

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
HPV vaccination in boys and men.
Stanley M
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10(7):2109-11. doi: 10.4161/hv.29137. PMID: 25424825Free PMC Article
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer.
Crosbie EJ, Einstein MH, Franceschi S, Kitchener HC
Lancet 2013 Sep 7;382(9895):889-99. Epub 2013 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60022-7. PMID: 23618600
Pathology and epidemiology of HPV infection in females.
Stanley M
Gynecol Oncol 2010 May;117(2 Suppl):S5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.024. PMID: 20304221
Natural history and epidemiology of HPV infection and cervical cancer.
Castellsagué X
Gynecol Oncol 2008 Sep;110(3 Suppl 2):S4-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.045. PMID: 18760711

Diagnosis

HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge.
Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen JS
Int J STD AIDS 2018 Nov;29(13):1258-1272. Epub 2018 Jul 27 doi: 10.1177/0956462418785451. PMID: 30049258
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer.
Crosbie EJ, Einstein MH, Franceschi S, Kitchener HC
Lancet 2013 Sep 7;382(9895):889-99. Epub 2013 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60022-7. PMID: 23618600
Common vulval dermatoses.
Drummond C
Aust Fam Physician 2011 Jul;40(7):490-6. PMID: 21743853
Pathology and epidemiology of HPV infection in females.
Stanley M
Gynecol Oncol 2010 May;117(2 Suppl):S5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.024. PMID: 20304221

Therapy

Vaccines for HPV-associated diseases.
Skolnik JM, Morrow MP
Mol Aspects Med 2023 Dec;94:101224. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101224. PMID: 37931422
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) consensus statement on the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.
Kesic V, Carcopino X, Preti M, Vieira-Baptista P, Bevilacqua F, Bornstein J, Chargari C, Cruickshank M, Erzeneoglu E, Gallio N, Gultekin M, Heller D, Joura E, Kyrgiou M, Madić T, Planchamp F, Regauer S, Reich O, Esat Temiz B, Woelber L, Zodzika J, Stockdale C
Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023 Apr 3;33(4):446-461. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-004213. PMID: 36958755Free PMC Article
HPV vaccination in boys and men.
Stanley M
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10(7):2109-11. doi: 10.4161/hv.29137. PMID: 25424825Free PMC Article
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer.
Crosbie EJ, Einstein MH, Franceschi S, Kitchener HC
Lancet 2013 Sep 7;382(9895):889-99. Epub 2013 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60022-7. PMID: 23618600
Vulval itch.
Welsh B, Howard A, Cook K
Aust Fam Physician 2004 Jul;33(7):505-10. PMID: 15301167

Prognosis

Classification of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions by p16 and p53 Immunohistochemistry: Considerations, Caveats, and an Algorithmic Approach.
Yang H, Almadani N, Thompson EF, Tessier-Cloutier B, Chen J, Ho J, Senz J, McConechy MK, Chow C, Ta M, Cheng A, Karnezis A, Huvila J, McAlpine JN, Gilks B, Jamieson A, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2023 Jun;36(6):100145. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100145. PMID: 36828360
Incidence and mortality from cervical cancer and other malignancies after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Kalliala I, Athanasiou A, Veroniki AA, Salanti G, Efthimiou O, Raftis N, Bowden S, Paraskevaidi M, Aro K, Arbyn M, Bennett P, Nieminen P, Paraskevaidis E, Kyrgiou M
Ann Oncol 2020 Feb;31(2):213-227. Epub 2020 Jan 3 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.11.004. PMID: 31959338Free PMC Article
Epidemiology and burden of HPV-related disease.
Serrano B, Brotons M, Bosch FX, Bruni L
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018 Feb;47:14-26. Epub 2017 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.006. PMID: 29037457
Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases.
Forman D, de Martel C, Lacey CJ, Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bruni L, Vignat J, Ferlay J, Bray F, Plummer M, Franceschi S
Vaccine 2012 Nov 20;30 Suppl 5:F12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.055. PMID: 23199955
Pathology and epidemiology of HPV infection in females.
Stanley M
Gynecol Oncol 2010 May;117(2 Suppl):S5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.024. PMID: 20304221

Clinical prediction guides

Advanced Solid Formulations For Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.
Conte J, Parize AL, Caon T
Pharm Res 2023 Feb;40(2):593-610. Epub 2022 Nov 30 doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03441-5. PMID: 36451068
Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of HPV-related disease in females and males.
Bergman H, Buckley BS, Villanueva G, Petkovic J, Garritty C, Lutje V, Riveros-Balta AX, Low N, Henschke N
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Nov 22;2019(11) doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013479. PMID: 31755549Free PMC Article
Adaptation of Alpha-Papillomavirus over Millennia.
de Oliveira CM
Acta Cytol 2019;63(2):97-99. Epub 2018 Dec 13 doi: 10.1159/000492658. PMID: 30544125
Pathology and epidemiology of HPV infection in females.
Stanley M
Gynecol Oncol 2010 May;117(2 Suppl):S5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.024. PMID: 20304221
Vulvar myiasis.
Yazar S, Ozcan H, Dinçer S, Sahin I
Yonsei Med J 2002 Aug;43(4):553-5. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2002.43.4.553. PMID: 12205748

Recent systematic reviews

Allergic vulvovaginitis: a systematic literature review.
Oliveira AS, Rolo J, Gaspar C, Palmeira de Oliveira R, Martinez de Oliveira J, Palmeira de Oliveira A
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022 Sep;306(3):593-622. Epub 2021 Nov 26 doi: 10.1007/s00404-021-06332-z. PMID: 34825938
Anogenital warts and relationship to child sexual abuse: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Awasthi S, Ornelas J, Armstrong A, Johnson JA, Eisen DB
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Jul;38(4):842-850. Epub 2021 Jun 1 doi: 10.1111/pde.14650. PMID: 34060139
Incidence and mortality from cervical cancer and other malignancies after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Kalliala I, Athanasiou A, Veroniki AA, Salanti G, Efthimiou O, Raftis N, Bowden S, Paraskevaidi M, Aro K, Arbyn M, Bennett P, Nieminen P, Paraskevaidis E, Kyrgiou M
Ann Oncol 2020 Feb;31(2):213-227. Epub 2020 Jan 3 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.11.004. PMID: 31959338Free PMC Article
Evaluation of treatments for Bartholin's cyst or abscess: a systematic review.
Illingworth B, Stocking K, Showell M, Kirk E, Duffy J
BJOG 2020 May;127(6):671-678. Epub 2020 Feb 4 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16079. PMID: 31876985
Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of HPV-related disease in females and males.
Bergman H, Buckley BS, Villanueva G, Petkovic J, Garritty C, Lutje V, Riveros-Balta AX, Low N, Henschke N
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Nov 22;2019(11) doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013479. PMID: 31755549Free PMC Article

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