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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 18(SMNA; SCA18)

MedGen UID:
336066
Concept ID:
C1843884
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Sensorimotor neuropathy with ataxia autosomal dominant
SNOMED CT: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 18 (719250005)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011834
OMIM®: 607458
Orphanet: ORPHA98771

Definition

Disease with characteristics of sensory neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia. Prevalence is unknown. Only 26 cases in a 5-generation American family of Irish ancestry have been reported to date. Onset is in the second and third decades of life with symptomatic onset ranging from 13 to 27 years. Patients initially present with axonal sensory neuropathy, while cerebellar ataxia and motor neuron dysfunction develop later. Linked to chromosome 7q22-q23 but the responsible gene mutation has not yet been identified. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Clinical features

From HPO
Limb muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
107956
Concept ID:
C0587246
Finding
Reduced strength and weakness of the muscles of the arms and legs.
Pes cavus
MedGen UID:
675590
Concept ID:
C0728829
Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Babinski sign
MedGen UID:
19708
Concept ID:
C0034935
Finding
Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.
Tremor
MedGen UID:
21635
Concept ID:
C0040822
Sign or Symptom
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.
Areflexia
MedGen UID:
115943
Concept ID:
C0234146
Finding
Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Dysmetria
MedGen UID:
68583
Concept ID:
C0234162
Finding
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
Dysdiadochokinesis
MedGen UID:
115975
Concept ID:
C0234979
Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible.
Hyporeflexia
MedGen UID:
195967
Concept ID:
C0700078
Finding
Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Sensory axonal neuropathy
MedGen UID:
334116
Concept ID:
C1842587
Finding
An axonal neuropathy of peripheral sensory nerves.
Progressive gait ataxia
MedGen UID:
375309
Concept ID:
C1843885
Finding
A type of gait ataxia displaying progression of clinical severity.
Muscular atrophy
MedGen UID:
892680
Concept ID:
C0541794
Pathologic Function
The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSpinocerebellar ataxia type 18
Follow this link to review classifications for Spinocerebellar ataxia type 18 in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lowit A, Egan A, Hadjivassiliou M
Cerebellum 2020 Oct;19(5):701-714. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01153-3. PMID: 32588316Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Iodice A, Spagnoli C, Cangini M, Soliani L, Rizzi S, Salerno GG, Frattini D, Pisani F, Fusco C
J Clin Neurosci 2020 Jul;77:232-234. Epub 2020 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.008. PMID: 32387255

Diagnosis

Ceylan AC, Acar Arslan E, Erdem HB, Kavus H, Arslan M, Topaloğlu H
Acta Neurol Belg 2021 Dec;121(6):1457-1462. Epub 2020 Mar 13 doi: 10.1007/s13760-020-01328-z. PMID: 32170608

Prognosis

Iodice A, Spagnoli C, Cangini M, Soliani L, Rizzi S, Salerno GG, Frattini D, Pisani F, Fusco C
J Clin Neurosci 2020 Jul;77:232-234. Epub 2020 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.008. PMID: 32387255

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