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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2C(HMSN2C)

MedGen UID:
342947
Concept ID:
C1853710
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C; CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, AXONAL, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, TYPE 2C; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 2C; Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy 2 C; HMSN2C
SNOMED CT: Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C (717010007)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): TRPV4 (12q24.11)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011633
OMIM®: 606071
Orphanet: ORPHA99937

Definition

The autosomal dominant TRPV4 disorders (previously considered to be clinically distinct phenotypes before their molecular basis was discovered) are now grouped into neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias; however, the overlap within each group is considerable. Affected individuals typically have either neuromuscular or skeletal manifestations alone, and in only rare instances an overlap syndrome has been reported. The three autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders (mildest to most severe) are: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C. Scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy. Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy. The autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders are characterized by a congenital-onset, static, or later-onset progressive peripheral neuropathy with variable combinations of laryngeal dysfunction (i.e., vocal fold paresis), respiratory dysfunction, and joint contractures. The six autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasias (mildest to most severe) are: Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly. Autosomal dominant brachyolmia. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Maroteaux type. Parastremmatic dysplasia. Metatropic dysplasia. The skeletal dysplasia is characterized by brachydactyly (in all 6); the five that are more severe have short stature that varies from mild to severe with progressive spinal deformity and involvement of the long bones and pelvis. In the mildest of the autosomal dominant TRPV4 disorders life span is normal; in the most severe it is shortened. Bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can occur with both autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias. [from GeneReviews]

Additional description

From OMIM
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type IIC (HMSN2C), also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C (CMT2C), is an autosomal dominant form of peripheral axonal neuropathy with diaphragmatic and vocal cord paresis. Age at onset and severity is variable (Dyck et al., 1994; summary by Klein et al., 2011).  http://www.omim.org/entry/606071

Clinical features

From HPO
Urinary incontinence
MedGen UID:
22579
Concept ID:
C0042024
Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Urinary urgency
MedGen UID:
39315
Concept ID:
C0085606
Finding
Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate.
Pes cavus
MedGen UID:
675590
Concept ID:
C0728829
Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Hammertoe
MedGen UID:
209712
Concept ID:
C1136179
Anatomical Abnormality
Hyperextension of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
Distal lower limb muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
324514
Concept ID:
C1836450
Finding
Reduced strength of the distal musculature of the legs.
Shoulder girdle muscle atrophy
MedGen UID:
339837
Concept ID:
C1847766
Finding
Amyotrophy affecting the muscles of the shoulder girdle.
Foot dorsiflexor weakness
MedGen UID:
356163
Concept ID:
C1866141
Finding
Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles.
Distal upper limb muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
461970
Concept ID:
C3150620
Finding
Reduced strength of the distal musculature of the arms.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder
MedGen UID:
9164
Concept ID:
C0018784
Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Oculomotor nerve palsy
MedGen UID:
14459
Concept ID:
C0028866
Disease or Syndrome
Reduced ability to control the movement of the eye associated with damage to the third cranial nerve (the oculomotor nerve).
Sensory neuropathy
MedGen UID:
101791
Concept ID:
C0151313
Disease or Syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy affecting the sensory nerves.
Areflexia
MedGen UID:
115943
Concept ID:
C0234146
Finding
Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
MedGen UID:
101045
Concept ID:
C0520679
Disease or Syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common, chronic, complex disease associated with serious cardiovascular and neuropsychologic sequelae and with substantial social and economic costs (Palmer et al., 2003).
Hyporeflexia
MedGen UID:
195967
Concept ID:
C0700078
Finding
Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Distal sensory impairment
MedGen UID:
335722
Concept ID:
C1847584
Finding
An abnormal reduction in sensation in the distal portions of the extremities.
Decreased distal sensory nerve action potential
MedGen UID:
870474
Concept ID:
C4024920
Finding
A reduction in the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential in distal nerve segments. This feature is measured by nerve conduction studies.
Abducens nerve palsy
MedGen UID:
1645218
Concept ID:
C4551519
Disease or Syndrome
Malfunction of the abducens nerve as manifested by impairment of the ability of the affected eye to be moved outward. Patients who develop abducens nerve palsy often present with binocular horizontal diplopia, which is a double vision when looking at objects side by side. There will be a notable weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle leading to a deficit in of eye abduction on the affected side. Some patients may present with a constant head turning movement to maintain binocular fusion and to lessen the degree of diplopia.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Hand muscle atrophy
MedGen UID:
116091
Concept ID:
C0239830
Finding
Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the hand.
Diaphragmatic weakness
MedGen UID:
101067
Concept ID:
C0521532
Finding
A decrease in the strength of the diaphragm.
Distal lower limb amyotrophy
MedGen UID:
324515
Concept ID:
C1836451
Disease or Syndrome
Muscular atrophy of distal leg muscles.
Down-sloping shoulders
MedGen UID:
346461
Concept ID:
C1856872
Finding
Low set, steeply sloping shoulders.
Proximal muscle weakness in upper limbs
MedGen UID:
356424
Concept ID:
C1866012
Finding
A lack of strength of the proximal muscles of the arms.
Proximal upper limb amyotrophy
MedGen UID:
356138
Concept ID:
C1866013
Finding
Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the arms.
Distal upper limb amyotrophy
MedGen UID:
867223
Concept ID:
C4021581
Disease or Syndrome
Muscular atrophy of distal arm muscles.
Stridor
MedGen UID:
11613
Concept ID:
C0038450
Sign or Symptom
Stridor is a high pitched sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway.
Intercostal muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
786098
Concept ID:
C0240017
Finding
Lack of strength of the intercostal muscles, i.e., of the muscle groups running along the ribs that create and move the chest wall.
Respiratory failure
MedGen UID:
257837
Concept ID:
C1145670
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.
Vocal cord paresis
MedGen UID:
155888
Concept ID:
C0751576
Disease or Syndrome
Decreased strength of the vocal folds.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
Follow this link to review classifications for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2C in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Deng S, Feely SME, Shi Y, Zhai H, Zhan L, Siddique T, Deng HX, Shy ME
Neuromolecular Med 2020 Mar;22(1):68-72. Epub 2019 Aug 29 doi: 10.1007/s12017-019-08564-4. PMID: 31468327
Takahashi N, Hamada-Nakahara S, Itoh Y, Takemura K, Shimada A, Ueda Y, Kitamata M, Matsuoka R, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Senju Y, Mori MX, Kiyonaka S, Kohda D, Kitao A, Mori Y, Suetsugu S
Nat Commun 2014 Sep 26;5:4994. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5994. PMID: 25256292
Deng HX, Klein CJ, Yan J, Shi Y, Wu Y, Fecto F, Yau HJ, Yang Y, Zhai H, Siddique N, Hedley-Whyte ET, Delong R, Martina M, Dyck PJ, Siddique T
Nat Genet 2010 Feb;42(2):165-9. Epub 2009 Dec 27 doi: 10.1038/ng.509. PMID: 20037587Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Chen H, Sun C, Zheng Y, Yin J, Gao M, Zhao C, Lin J
BMC Neurol 2023 Jun 30;23(1):250. doi: 10.1186/s12883-023-03260-0. PMID: 37391745Free PMC Article
Ando M, Higuchi Y, Okamoto Y, Yuan J, Yoshimura A, Takei J, Taniguchi T, Hiramatsu Y, Sakiyama Y, Hashiguchi A, Matsuura E, Nakagawa H, Sonoda K, Yamashita T, Tamura A, Terasawa H, Mitsui J, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takashima H
J Hum Genet 2022 Jul;67(7):399-403. Epub 2022 Jan 28 doi: 10.1038/s10038-022-01019-y. PMID: 35091664
Takahashi N, Hamada-Nakahara S, Itoh Y, Takemura K, Shimada A, Ueda Y, Kitamata M, Matsuoka R, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Senju Y, Mori MX, Kiyonaka S, Kohda D, Kitao A, Mori Y, Suetsugu S
Nat Commun 2014 Sep 26;5:4994. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5994. PMID: 25256292
Santoro L, Manganelli F, Di Maio L, Barbieri F, Carella M, D'Adamo P, Casari G
Neuromuscul Disord 2002 May;12(4):399-404. doi: 10.1016/s0960-8966(01)00305-4. PMID: 12062259

Prognosis

Deng S, Feely SME, Shi Y, Zhai H, Zhan L, Siddique T, Deng HX, Shy ME
Neuromolecular Med 2020 Mar;22(1):68-72. Epub 2019 Aug 29 doi: 10.1007/s12017-019-08564-4. PMID: 31468327

Clinical prediction guides

Ando M, Higuchi Y, Okamoto Y, Yuan J, Yoshimura A, Takei J, Taniguchi T, Hiramatsu Y, Sakiyama Y, Hashiguchi A, Matsuura E, Nakagawa H, Sonoda K, Yamashita T, Tamura A, Terasawa H, Mitsui J, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takashima H
J Hum Genet 2022 Jul;67(7):399-403. Epub 2022 Jan 28 doi: 10.1038/s10038-022-01019-y. PMID: 35091664
Deng S, Feely SME, Shi Y, Zhai H, Zhan L, Siddique T, Deng HX, Shy ME
Neuromolecular Med 2020 Mar;22(1):68-72. Epub 2019 Aug 29 doi: 10.1007/s12017-019-08564-4. PMID: 31468327

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