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Leukorrhea

MedGen UID:
44134
•Concept ID:
C0023533
•
Sign or Symptom
Synonym: Leukorrheas
SNOMED CT: Leukorrhagia (237101004); Leucorrhoea (237101004); Leukorrhea (237101004); White vaginal discharge (289552002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002769

Definition

Whitish or yellowish mucosal vaginal discharge. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLeukorrhea

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Differential Expression of Local Immune Response Genes in the Vagina: Implication for the Diagnosis of Vaginal Infections.
Budilovskaya OV, Shipitsina EV, Spasibova EV, Pereverzeva NA, Vorob'eva NE, Tsypurdeeva ND, Grigoryev AN, Savicheva AM
Bull Exp Biol Med 2020 Mar;168(5):646-650. Epub 2020 Apr 4 doi: 10.1007/s10517-020-04771-3. PMID: 32246370
Treatment and Follow-up of Human Papillomavirus Infected Women in a Municipality in Southern Brazil.
Ruggeri JB, Dell Agnolo CM, Gravena AA, de Oliveira Demitto M, Lopes TC, Delatorre S, de Barros Carvalho MD, Consolaro ME, Pelloso SM
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015;16(15):6521-6. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6521. PMID: 26434868
Leukorrhea in general practice; its diagnosis and treatment.
KRUMBHAAR GD
Med Clin North Am 1952 Sep;36(5):1459-71. PMID: 12992109

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Contraceptive Use in Premenopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer.
Lambertini M, Massarotti C, Havas J, Pistilli B, Martin AL, Jacquet A, Coutant C, Coussy F, Mérimèche AD, Lerebours F, Rousset-Jablonski C, Jouannaud C, Rigal O, Fournier M, Soulie P, Franzoi MA, Del Mastro L, Partridge AH, André F, Vaz-Luis I, Di Meglio A
JAMA Netw Open 2022 Sep 1;5(9):e2233137. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33137. PMID: 36149651Free PMC Article
Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception.
Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Schulz KF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD003552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub3. PMID: 20238323
Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception.
Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Schulz KF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD003552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub2. PMID: 18254023
Cytolytic vaginosis.
Cibley LJ, Cibley LJ
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991 Oct;165(4 Pt 2):1245-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90736-x. PMID: 1951582
Vulvovaginitis and cervicitis.
Rosenfeld WD, Clark J
Pediatr Clin North Am 1989 Jun;36(3):489-511. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36682-2. PMID: 2660084

Diagnosis

Vaginal discharge.
Murtagh J
Aust Fam Physician 1991 Feb;20(2):207-8, 212-3. PMID: 2039404
Cytolytic vaginosis.
Cibley LJ, Cibley LJ
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991 Oct;165(4 Pt 2):1245-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90736-x. PMID: 1951582
Vaginal infection.
Eschenbach DA
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Mar;26(1):186-202. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00023. PMID: 6340892
Gardnerella vaginalis and its clinical syndrome.
Balsdon MJ
Eur J Clin Microbiol 1982 Oct;1(5):288-93. doi: 10.1007/BF02019973. PMID: 6764199
Premenarchal vulvovaginitis.
Huffman JW
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1977 Sep;20(3):581-93. doi: 10.1097/00003081-197709000-00008. PMID: 891056

Therapy

Alisma orientale: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of an Important Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Shu Z, Pu J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Rahman K, Qin L, Zheng C
Am J Chin Med 2016;44(2):227-51. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X16500142. PMID: 27080939
The contraceptive vaginal ring.
Edwardson J, Jamshidi R
Semin Reprod Med 2010 Mar;28(2):133-9. Epub 2010 Mar 29 doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1248138. PMID: 20352563
Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception.
Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Schulz KF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD003552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub3. PMID: 20238323
Vaginal discharge.
Murtagh J
Aust Fam Physician 1991 Feb;20(2):207-8, 212-3. PMID: 2039404
Vaginal infection.
Eschenbach DA
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Mar;26(1):186-202. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00023. PMID: 6340892

Prognosis

Computerized detection of leukocytes in microscopic leukorrhea images.
Zhang J, Zhong Y, Wang X, Ni G, Du X, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Y
Med Phys 2017 Sep;44(9):4620-4629. Epub 2017 Jul 18 doi: 10.1002/mp.12381. PMID: 28555888
Treatment and Follow-up of Human Papillomavirus Infected Women in a Municipality in Southern Brazil.
Ruggeri JB, Dell Agnolo CM, Gravena AA, de Oliveira Demitto M, Lopes TC, Delatorre S, de Barros Carvalho MD, Consolaro ME, Pelloso SM
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015;16(15):6521-6. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6521. PMID: 26434868
Combination of bacterial vaginosis and leukorrhea as a predictor of cervical chlamydial or gonococcal infection.
Steinhandler L, Peipert JF, Heber W, Montagno A, Cruickshank C
Obstet Gynecol 2002 Apr;99(4):603-7. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01788-4. PMID: 12039120
Contraception after heart surgery.
Abdalla MY, el Din Mostafa E
Contraception 1992 Jan;45(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/0010-7824(92)90143-h. PMID: 1591924
Diagnosis and laparoscopic grading of acute salpingitis.
Soper DE
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991 May;164(5 Pt 2):1370-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)91474-b. PMID: 1827704

Clinical prediction guides

The efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser in the treatment of decreased sexual sensation: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Sathaworawong A, Manuskiatti W, Phatihattakorn C, Ungaksornpairote C, Ng JN
Lasers Med Sci 2022 Feb;37(1):581-588. Epub 2021 Apr 1 doi: 10.1007/s10103-021-03305-1. PMID: 33791888
Computerized detection of leukocytes in microscopic leukorrhea images.
Zhang J, Zhong Y, Wang X, Ni G, Du X, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Y
Med Phys 2017 Sep;44(9):4620-4629. Epub 2017 Jul 18 doi: 10.1002/mp.12381. PMID: 28555888
Urogenital effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators: a systematic review.
Albertazzi P, Sharma S
Climacteric 2005 Sep;8(3):214-20. doi: 10.1080/13697130500117946. PMID: 16390753
Diagnosis and laparoscopic grading of acute salpingitis.
Soper DE
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991 May;164(5 Pt 2):1370-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)91474-b. PMID: 1827704
Vaginal infection.
Eschenbach DA
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Mar;26(1):186-202. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00023. PMID: 6340892

Recent systematic reviews

The relationship between vaginal microenvironment and pelvic dysfunctional diseases in Chinese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yu Y, Ma M, Zhou Q
Int Urogynecol J 2023 Dec;34(12):2849-2858. Epub 2023 Aug 31 doi: 10.1007/s00192-023-05635-w. PMID: 37650904
Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception.
Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Stockton LL, Schulz KF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Apr 30;2013(4):CD003552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub4. PMID: 23633314Free PMC Article
Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception.
Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Schulz KF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD003552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub3. PMID: 20238323
Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception.
Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Schulz KF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD003552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub2. PMID: 18254023
Urogenital effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators: a systematic review.
Albertazzi P, Sharma S
Climacteric 2005 Sep;8(3):214-20. doi: 10.1080/13697130500117946. PMID: 16390753

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