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Reynolds syndrome

MedGen UID:
450547
Concept ID:
C0748397
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS, SCLERODERMA, RAYNAUD DISEASE, AND TELANGIECTASIA
SNOMED CT: Primary biliary cirrhosis co-occurrent with systemic scleroderma (715401008); Reynolds syndrome (715401008)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
Gene (location): LBR (1q42.12)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013276
OMIM®: 613471
Orphanet: ORPHA779

Definition

An autoimmune disorder characterized by the association of primary biliary cirrhosis with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Onset occurs between 30-65 years. Occurs sporadically, but rare familial cases with an unknown inheritance pattern have been observed. There is no cure and management is mainly supportive. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Clinical features

From HPO
Arthralgia
MedGen UID:
13917
Concept ID:
C0003862
Sign or Symptom
Joint pain.
Asthenia
MedGen UID:
2107
Concept ID:
C0004093
Sign or Symptom
A state characterized by a feeling of weakness and loss of strength leading to a generalized weakness of the body.
Raynaud phenomenon
MedGen UID:
20474
Concept ID:
C0034735
Disease or Syndrome
An episodic vasoconstriction resulting in discoloration of the skin and pain in the affected areas, often involving fingers or toes. Classically associated with triphasic color changes (white, blue, red) but may be biphasic. Often occurs in response to cold temperatures or emotional stress. May be primary or secondary to an underlying autoimmune disease.
Cholestasis
MedGen UID:
925
Concept ID:
C0008370
Disease or Syndrome
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in bile ducts.
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
MedGen UID:
8971
Concept ID:
C0017181
Pathologic Function
Hemorrhage affecting the gastrointestinal tract.
Hepatomegaly
MedGen UID:
42428
Concept ID:
C0019209
Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Jaundice
MedGen UID:
43987
Concept ID:
C0022346
Sign or Symptom
Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.
Biliary cirrhosis
MedGen UID:
44182
Concept ID:
C0023892
Disease or Syndrome
Progressive destruction of the small-to-medium bile ducts of the intrahepatic biliary tree, which leads to progressive cholestasis and often end-stage liver disease.
Steatorrhea
MedGen UID:
20948
Concept ID:
C0038238
Finding
Greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces. This is a result of malabsorption of lipids in the small intestine and results in frothy foul-smelling fecal matter that floats.
Calcinosis
MedGen UID:
709
Concept ID:
C0006663
Finding
Formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue.
Calcinosis cutis
MedGen UID:
472879
Concept ID:
C0006664
Disease or Syndrome
Deposition of calcium in the skin.
Erythema nodosum
MedGen UID:
41858
Concept ID:
C0014743
Disease or Syndrome
An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral.
Lymphopenia
MedGen UID:
7418
Concept ID:
C0024312
Disease or Syndrome
A reduced number of lymphocytes in the blood.
Splenomegaly
MedGen UID:
52469
Concept ID:
C0038002
Finding
Abnormal increased size of the spleen.
Antinuclear antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
101792
Concept ID:
C0151480
Laboratory or Test Result
The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against nuclei or nuclear components.
Antimitochondrial antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
866704
Concept ID:
C4021051
Finding
The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against mitochondria.
Anti-centromere antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
904197
Concept ID:
C4280732
Laboratory or Test Result
The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against the centromeres or centromere components.
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
MedGen UID:
57727
Concept ID:
C0151632
Finding
An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.
Hyperbilirubinemia
MedGen UID:
86321
Concept ID:
C0311468
Finding
An increased amount of bilirubin in the blood.
Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration
MedGen UID:
727252
Concept ID:
C1314665
Finding
Abnormally increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity.
Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration
MedGen UID:
338525
Concept ID:
C1848701
Finding
Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.
Scleroderma
MedGen UID:
3770
Concept ID:
C0011644
Disease or Syndrome
A chronic autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) and vascular alterations of the skin.
Pruritus
MedGen UID:
19534
Concept ID:
C0033774
Sign or Symptom
Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased disposition to experience pruritus.
Sclerodactyly
MedGen UID:
472893
Concept ID:
C0150988
Disease or Syndrome
Localized thickening and tightness of the skin of the fingers or toes.
Lip telangiectasia
MedGen UID:
347522
Concept ID:
C1857697
Finding
Telangiectasia (that is, the presence of small dilated superficial blood vessels) of the lips.
Palmar telangiectasia
MedGen UID:
866602
Concept ID:
C4020948
Anatomical Abnormality
The presence of telangiectases on the skin of palm of hand.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVReynolds syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Reynolds syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Grotberg JC, Reynolds D, Kraft BD
Crit Care 2023 Jul 18;27(1):289. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04572-w. PMID: 37464381Free PMC Article
Stefanos SS, Kiser TH, MacLaren R, Mueller SW, Reynolds PM
Pharmacotherapy 2023 Apr;43(4):321-337. Epub 2023 Apr 1 doi: 10.1002/phar.2794. PMID: 36938775
Reynolds PM, MacLaren R, Mueller SW, Fish DN, Kiser TH
Pharmacotherapy 2014 Jun;34(6):617-32. Epub 2014 Jan 13 doi: 10.1002/phar.1396. PMID: 24420913

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Svyryd Y, Hernández-Molina G, Vargas F, Sánchez-Guerrero J, Segovia DA, Mutchinick OM
Autoimmun Rev 2012 Mar;11(5):301-4. Epub 2010 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.03.001. PMID: 20230920
Gaudy-Marqueste C, Roll P, Esteves-Vieira V, Weiller PJ, Grob JJ, Cau P, Lévy N, De Sandre-Giovannoli A
J Med Genet 2010 Jun;47(6):361-70. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2009.071696. PMID: 20522425
Wollina U, Graefe T, Oelzner P, Hein G, Schreiber G
J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 Feb;44(2 Suppl):381-4. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2001.104971. PMID: 11174422

Diagnosis

Kiyani A, Ursu S
Am J Med 2017 Nov;130(11):e501-e502. Epub 2017 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.05.019. PMID: 28602872
Wollina U, Graefe T, Oelzner P, Hein G, Schreiber G
J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 Feb;44(2 Suppl):381-4. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2001.104971. PMID: 11174422

Prognosis

Gaudy-Marqueste C, Roll P, Esteves-Vieira V, Weiller PJ, Grob JJ, Cau P, Lévy N, De Sandre-Giovannoli A
J Med Genet 2010 Jun;47(6):361-70. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2009.071696. PMID: 20522425
Wollina U, Graefe T, Oelzner P, Hein G, Schreiber G
J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 Feb;44(2 Suppl):381-4. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2001.104971. PMID: 11174422

Clinical prediction guides

Svyryd Y, Hernández-Molina G, Vargas F, Sánchez-Guerrero J, Segovia DA, Mutchinick OM
Autoimmun Rev 2012 Mar;11(5):301-4. Epub 2010 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.03.001. PMID: 20230920
Gaudy-Marqueste C, Roll P, Esteves-Vieira V, Weiller PJ, Grob JJ, Cau P, Lévy N, De Sandre-Giovannoli A
J Med Genet 2010 Jun;47(6):361-70. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2009.071696. PMID: 20522425

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