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Bleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy

MedGen UID:
463643
•Concept ID:
C3163625
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bleeding from female genital tract co-occurrent with pregnancy; Vaginal Bleeding during Pregnancy; Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
SNOMED CT: Bleeding from female genital tract co-occurrent with pregnancy (16320551000119109); Bleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy (16320551000119109); Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (16320551000119109)

Definition

Hemorrhage from the vagina that may range from light spotting to heavy flow during pregnancy. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Guideline No. 402: Diagnosis and Management of Placenta Previa.
Jain V, Bos H, Bujold E
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2020 Jul;42(7):906-917.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.07.019. PMID: 32591150
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Bienstock JL, Eke AC, Hueppchen NA
N Engl J Med 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1635-1645. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1513247. PMID: 33913640Free PMC Article
Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: focus on hematological aspects of management.
McLintock C
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2020 Dec 4;2020(1):542-546. doi: 10.1182/hematology.2020000139. PMID: 33275708Free PMC Article
Gynaecology problems in puberty.
Grover SR
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jun;33(3):101286. Epub 2019 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.06.002. PMID: 31278062
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252
Postpartum hemorrhage: epidemiology, risk factors, and causes.
Oyelese Y, Ananth CV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010 Mar;53(1):147-56. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181cc406d. PMID: 20142652

Diagnosis

Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Definition and Criteria for Diagnosing Cesarean Scar Disorder.
Klein Meuleman SJM, Murji A, van den Bosch T, Donnez O, Grimbizis G, Saridogan E, Chantraine F, Bourne T, Timmerman D, Huirne JAF, de Leeuw RA; CSDi Study Group
JAMA Netw Open 2023 Mar 1;6(3):e235321. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.5321. PMID: 36988956Free PMC Article
Uterine bleeding: how understanding endometrial physiology underpins menstrual health.
Jain V, Chodankar RR, Maybin JA, Critchley HOD
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022 May;18(5):290-308. Epub 2022 Feb 8 doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00629-4. PMID: 35136207Free PMC Article
Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: focus on hematological aspects of management.
McLintock C
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2020 Dec 4;2020(1):542-546. doi: 10.1182/hematology.2020000139. PMID: 33275708Free PMC Article
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252

Therapy

Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Bienstock JL, Eke AC, Hueppchen NA
N Engl J Med 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1635-1645. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1513247. PMID: 33913640Free PMC Article
Progestogens in luteal support.
Carp HJA
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020 May 22;42(2):143-148. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0067. PMID: 32432564
Identification and Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage.
Baird EJ
Anesthesiol Clin 2017 Mar;35(1):15-34. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2016.09.004. PMID: 28131117
Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Women.
Cohen H, Arachchillage DR, Beyer-Westendorf J, Middeldorp S, Kadir RA
Semin Thromb Hemost 2016 Oct;42(7):789-797. Epub 2016 Oct 5 doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1592304. PMID: 27706531

Prognosis

Enhanced myometrial vascularity.
Richtárová Adéla, Hlinecká Kristýna, Lisá Zdeňka, Boudová Barbora, Kocián Roman, Kaván Jan, Mára Michal
Ceska Gynekol 2022;87(4):249-254. doi: 10.48095/cccg2022249. PMID: 36055784
Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage - a systematic review.
Feduniw S, Warzecha D, Szymusik I, Wielgos M
Ginekol Pol 2020;91(1):38-44. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0009. PMID: 32039467
Identification and Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage.
Baird EJ
Anesthesiol Clin 2017 Mar;35(1):15-34. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2016.09.004. PMID: 28131117
Postpartum hemorrhage: epidemiology, risk factors, and causes.
Oyelese Y, Ananth CV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010 Mar;53(1):147-56. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181cc406d. PMID: 20142652
Ectopic pregnancy.
DeCherney AH, Jones EE
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1985 Jun;28(2):365-74. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198528020-00014. PMID: 2410172

Clinical prediction guides

Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Enhanced myometrial vascularity.
Richtárová Adéla, Hlinecká Kristýna, Lisá Zdeňka, Boudová Barbora, Kocián Roman, Kaván Jan, Mára Michal
Ceska Gynekol 2022;87(4):249-254. doi: 10.48095/cccg2022249. PMID: 36055784
Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage - a systematic review.
Feduniw S, Warzecha D, Szymusik I, Wielgos M
Ginekol Pol 2020;91(1):38-44. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0009. PMID: 32039467
Identification and Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage.
Baird EJ
Anesthesiol Clin 2017 Mar;35(1):15-34. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2016.09.004. PMID: 28131117
Microhysteroscopy.
Hamou JE
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Jun;26(2):285-301. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198306000-00009. PMID: 6406117

Recent systematic reviews

Medical treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rosen A, Chan WV, Matelski J, Walsh C, Murji A
Fertil Steril 2021 Oct;116(4):1107-1116. Epub 2021 Jun 12 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.095. PMID: 34130801
Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage - a systematic review.
Feduniw S, Warzecha D, Szymusik I, Wielgos M
Ginekol Pol 2020;91(1):38-44. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0009. PMID: 32039467
Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.
Gonzalez N, Tulandi T
J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017 Jul-Aug;24(5):731-738. Epub 2017 Mar 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.02.020. PMID: 28268103
Effects of female genital cutting on physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Berg RC, Underland V, Odgaard-Jensen J, Fretheim A, Vist GE
BMJ Open 2014 Nov 21;4(11):e006316. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006316. PMID: 25416059Free PMC Article
Postpartum haemorrhage: prevention.
Chelmow D
BMJ Clin Evid 2008 Dec 15;2008 PMID: 19445784Free PMC Article

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