U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Incontinence

MedGen UID:
5775
•Concept ID:
C0021167
•
Disease or Syndrome
SNOMED CT: Incontinence (48340000)

Definition

Involuntary passage of stool or urine from the body. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections across age groups.
Chu CM, Lowder JL
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jul;219(1):40-51. Epub 2018 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.231. PMID: 29305250
Chronic Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Management.
Schiller LR, Pardi DS, Sellin JH
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Feb;15(2):182-193.e3. Epub 2016 Aug 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.07.028. PMID: 27496381
Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain.
Casazza BA
Am Fam Physician 2012 Feb 15;85(4):343-50. PMID: 22335313

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Incontinence and homelessness.
Kelly AM
Br J Community Nurs 2024 May 1;29(Sup5):S52-S58. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.Sup5.S52. PMID: 38728160
Pregnancy- and obstetric-related risk factors for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, or pelvic organ prolapse later in life: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hage-Fransen MAH, Wiezer M, Otto A, Wieffer-Platvoet MS, Slotman MH, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Pool-Goudzwaard AL
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021 Mar;100(3):373-382. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14027. PMID: 33064839
Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evaluation and Management.
Hu JS, Pierre EF
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):339-348. PMID: 31524367
Impact of urinary incontinence types on women's quality of life.
Saboia DM, Firmiano MLV, Bezerra KC, Vasconcelos JA Neto, Oriá MOB, Vasconcelos CTM
Rev Esc Enferm USP 2017 Dec 21;51:e03266. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2016032603266. PMID: 29267732
An overview of urinary incontinence.
Bardsley A
Br J Nurs 2016 Oct 13;25(18):S14-S21. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S14. PMID: 27734727

Diagnosis

Evaluation and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Women.
Trowbridge ER, Hoover EF
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2022 Mar;51(1):157-175. Epub 2022 Jan 7 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.010. PMID: 35135660
Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evaluation and Management.
Hu JS, Pierre EF
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):339-348. PMID: 31524367
Urinary Incontinence.
Irwin GM
Prim Care 2019 Jun;46(2):233-242. Epub 2019 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2019.02.004. PMID: 31030824
Urinary Incontinence in Women.
Goforth J, Langaker M
N C Med J 2016 Nov-Dec;77(6):423-425. doi: 10.18043/ncm.77.6.423. PMID: 27864495
An overview of urinary incontinence.
Bardsley A
Br J Nurs 2016 Oct 13;25(18):S14-S21. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S14. PMID: 27734727

Therapy

Efficacy of Vibegron and Mirabegron for Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Literature Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison.
Kennelly MJ, Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Thomas E, Shortino D, Mudd PN Jr
Adv Ther 2021 Nov;38(11):5452-5464. Epub 2021 Sep 18 doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-01902-8. PMID: 34537953Free PMC Article
Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence.
Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, Haya N, Crawford TJ, Brown J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 19;8(8):CD013108. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013108. PMID: 30121956Free PMC Article
Cell Therapy Clinical Trials for Stress Urinary Incontinence: Current Status and Perspectives.
Aragón IM, Imbroda BH, Lara MF
Int J Med Sci 2018;15(3):195-204. Epub 2018 Jan 1 doi: 10.7150/ijms.22130. PMID: 29483809Free PMC Article
Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence.
Anderson CA, Omar MI, Campbell SE, Hunter KF, Cody JD, Glazener CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Jan 20;1(1):CD001843. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001843.pub5. PMID: 25602133Free PMC Article
Scandalous behaviour.
Nature 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):917-8. doi: 10.1038/454917b. PMID: 18719536

Prognosis

Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Batmani S, Jalali R, Mohammadi M, Bokaee S
BMC Geriatr 2021 Mar 29;21(1):212. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02135-8. PMID: 33781236Free PMC Article
Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Moossdorff-Steinhauser HFA, Berghmans BCM, Spaanderman MEA, Bols EMJ
Int Urogynecol J 2021 Jul;32(7):1633-1652. Epub 2021 Jan 13 doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04636-3. PMID: 33439277Free PMC Article
Urinary incontinence and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review.
John G
Int Urogynecol J 2020 May;31(5):857-863. Epub 2019 Jul 26 doi: 10.1007/s00192-019-04058-w. PMID: 31350566
Mortality after osteoporotic hip fracture: incidence, trends, and associated factors.
Guzon-Illescas O, Perez Fernandez E, Crespí Villarias N, Quirós Donate FJ, Peña M, Alonso-Blas C, García-Vadillo A, Mazzucchelli R
J Orthop Surg Res 2019 Jul 4;14(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1226-6. PMID: 31272470Free PMC Article
The prevalence of urinary incontinence.
Milsom I, Gyhagen M
Climacteric 2019 Jun;22(3):217-222. Epub 2018 Dec 21 doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1543263. PMID: 30572737

Clinical prediction guides

Normal pressure hydrocephalus: an update.
Passos-Neto CEB, Lopes CCB, Teixeira MS, Studart Neto A, Spera RR
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2022 May;80(5 Suppl 1):42-52. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2022-S118. PMID: 35976308Free PMC Article
Inflammatory pouch disease: The spectrum of pouchitis.
Zezos P, Saibil F
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Aug 7;21(29):8739-52. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8739. PMID: 26269664Free PMC Article
Clinical risk factors and urodynamic predictors prior to surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence: a narrative review.
Bing MH, Gimbel H, Greisen S, Paulsen LB, Soerensen HC, Lose G
Int Urogynecol J 2015 Feb;26(2):175-85. Epub 2014 Sep 24 doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2489-4. PMID: 25248411
Constipation in old age.
Gallagher P, O'Mahony D
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009;23(6):875-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.09.001. PMID: 19942165
Anal incontinence.
Bartolo DC, Paterson HM
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009;23(4):505-15. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.06.001. PMID: 19647686

Recent systematic reviews

Update on Physiotherapy in Postpartum Urinary Incontinence. A Systematic Review.
Diz-Teixeira P, Alonso-Calvete A, Justo-Cousiño LA, González-González Y, Cuña-Carrera ID
Arch Esp Urol 2023 Feb;76(1):29-39. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237601.2. PMID: 36914417
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence with or without Biofeedback or Electrostimulation in Women: A Systematic Review.
Alouini S, Memic S, Couillandre A
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Feb 27;19(5) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052789. PMID: 35270480Free PMC Article
European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Female Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Part 1: Diagnostics, Overactive Bladder, Stress Urinary Incontinence, and Mixed Urinary Incontinence.
Nambiar AK, Arlandis S, Bø K, Cobussen-Boekhorst H, Costantini E, de Heide M, Farag F, Groen J, Karavitakis M, Lapitan MC, Manso M, Arteaga SM, Riogh ANA, O'Connor E, Omar MI, Peyronnet B, Phé V, Sakalis VI, Sihra N, Tzelves L, van Poelgeest-Pomfret ML, van den Bos TWL, van der Vaart H, Harding CK
Eur Urol 2022 Jul;82(1):49-59. Epub 2022 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.045. PMID: 35216856
Physical activity and urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Von Aarburg N, Veit-Rubin N, Boulvain M, Bertuit J, Simonson C, Desseauve D
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 Dec;267:262-268. Epub 2021 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.005. PMID: 34839247
Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women.
Woodley SJ, Boyle R, Cody JD, Mørkved S, Hay-Smith EJC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Dec 22;12(12):CD007471. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007471.pub3. PMID: 29271473Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...