U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy

MedGen UID:
61498
•Concept ID:
C0206019
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: AIDS Encephalopathies; AIDS Encephalopathy; Encephalopathies, AIDS; Encephalopathies, HIV; Encephalopathy, AIDS; Encephalopathy, HIV; HIV Encephalopathies; HIV Encephalopathy
SNOMED CT: Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (397763006); Encephalopathy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (421827003); Encephalopathy with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) (421827003)

Definition

Encephalopathy that is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHuman immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Eggers C, Arendt G, Hahn K, Husstedt IW, Maschke M, Neuen-Jacob E, Obermann M, Rosenkranz T, Schielke E, Straube E; German Association of Neuro-AIDS und Neuro-Infectiology (DGNANI)
J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1715-1727. Epub 2017 May 31 doi: 10.1007/s00415-017-8503-2. PMID: 28567537Free PMC Article
Guidelines for Evaluation and Management of Cognitive Disorders in HIV-Positive Individuals.
Underwood J, Winston A
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2016 Oct;13(5):235-40. doi: 10.1007/s11904-016-0324-x. PMID: 27353598Free PMC Article
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension - diagnosis and management.
Khanna R, Sarin SK
J Hepatol 2014 Feb;60(2):421-41. Epub 2013 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.013. PMID: 23978714

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy.
Mann TN, Laughton B, Donald KA, Langerak NG
Dev Med Child Neurol 2017 Apr;59(4):407-411. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13377. PMID: 28111750
Spastic diplegia in children with HIV encephalopathy: first description of gait and physical status.
Langerak NG, du Toit J, Burger M, Cotton MF, Springer PE, Laughton B
Dev Med Child Neurol 2014 Jul;56(7):686-94. Epub 2013 Nov 3 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12319. PMID: 24182356
Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
Masdeu JC, Yudd A, Van Heertum RL, Grundman M, Hriso E, O'Connell RA, Luck D, Camli U, King LN
J Nucl Med 1991 Aug;32(8):1471-5. PMID: 1869964
The involvement of the cerebral cortex in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a morphological and immunohistochemical study.
Ciardi A, Sinclair E, Scaravilli F, Harcourt-Webster NJ, Lucas S
Acta Neuropathol 1990;81(1):51-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00662637. PMID: 2085094

Diagnosis

Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
Viral infections of the brain.
Masdeu JC, Van Heertum RL, Abdel-Dayem H
J Neuroimaging 1995 Jul;5 Suppl 1:S40-4. doi: 10.1111/jon19955s1s40. PMID: 7626836
Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in the United States.
Janssen RS, Nwanyanwu OC, Selik RM, Stehr-Green JK
Neurology 1992 Aug;42(8):1472-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.8.1472. PMID: 1641138
Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
Masdeu JC, Yudd A, Van Heertum RL, Grundman M, Hriso E, O'Connell RA, Luck D, Camli U, King LN
J Nucl Med 1991 Aug;32(8):1471-5. PMID: 1869964
Cognitive deficits associated with human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy.
Krikorian R, Wrobel AJ, Meinecke C, Liang WM, Kay J
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990 Summer;2(3):256-60. doi: 10.1176/jnp.2.3.256. PMID: 2136083

Therapy

Management of a human immunodeficiency virus case with discordant antiviral drug resistance profiles in cerebrospinal fluid compared with plasma: a case report.
Bang D, Fonager J, Johansen IS
J Med Case Rep 2022 Feb 15;16(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03289-8. PMID: 35164871Free PMC Article
Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
Novel use of levodopa in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy-mediated parkinsonism in an adult.
Devine MF, Herrin C, Warnack W, Dubey D
J Postgrad Med 2018 Jan-Mar;64(1):53-55. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_674_16. PMID: 28862245Free PMC Article
HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy.
Mann TN, Laughton B, Donald KA, Langerak NG
Dev Med Child Neurol 2017 Apr;59(4):407-411. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13377. PMID: 28111750
Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
Masdeu JC, Yudd A, Van Heertum RL, Grundman M, Hriso E, O'Connell RA, Luck D, Camli U, King LN
J Nucl Med 1991 Aug;32(8):1471-5. PMID: 1869964

Prognosis

Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
The virology of demyelinating diseases.
Johnson RT
Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl(Suppl):S54-60. doi: 10.1002/ana.410360715. PMID: 8017889Free PMC Article
Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in the United States.
Janssen RS, Nwanyanwu OC, Selik RM, Stehr-Green JK
Neurology 1992 Aug;42(8):1472-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.8.1472. PMID: 1641138
Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
Masdeu JC, Yudd A, Van Heertum RL, Grundman M, Hriso E, O'Connell RA, Luck D, Camli U, King LN
J Nucl Med 1991 Aug;32(8):1471-5. PMID: 1869964
Stable human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in two infants receiving early intravenous gammaglobulin plus antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Hunziker UA, Nadal D, Jendis JB, Tomasik Z, Wetzel JC, Schüpbach J, Seger RA
Eur J Pediatr 1989 Feb;148(5):417-22. doi: 10.1007/BF00595901. PMID: 2493377

Clinical prediction guides

Management of a human immunodeficiency virus case with discordant antiviral drug resistance profiles in cerebrospinal fluid compared with plasma: a case report.
Bang D, Fonager J, Johansen IS
J Med Case Rep 2022 Feb 15;16(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03289-8. PMID: 35164871Free PMC Article
HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy.
Mann TN, Laughton B, Donald KA, Langerak NG
Dev Med Child Neurol 2017 Apr;59(4):407-411. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13377. PMID: 28111750
Macrophage/microglial accumulation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the central nervous system in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy.
Fischer-Smith T, Croul S, Adeniyi A, Rybicka K, Morgello S, Khalili K, Rappaport J
Am J Pathol 2004 Jun;164(6):2089-99. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63767-4. PMID: 15161643Free PMC Article
Diffusion-weighted imaging as a problem-solving tool in the evaluation of patients with acute strokelike syndromes.
Schaefer PW
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2000 Oct;11(5):300-9. doi: 10.1097/00002142-200010000-00006. PMID: 11142628
Cognitive deficits associated with human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy.
Krikorian R, Wrobel AJ, Meinecke C, Liang WM, Kay J
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990 Summer;2(3):256-60. doi: 10.1176/jnp.2.3.256. PMID: 2136083

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...