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Transverse myelitis

MedGen UID:
6488
•Concept ID:
C0026976
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Myelitis, Transverse; Transverse Myelitis; Transverse Myelopathy Syndrome; Transverse Myelopathy Syndromes
SNOMED CT: Transverse myelopathy syndrome (16631009); Transverse myelitis (16631009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021553

Definition

Inflammation of a transverse portion of the spinal cord characterized by acute or subacute segmental demyelination or necrosis. The condition may occur sporadically, follow an infection or vaccination, or present as a paraneoplastic syndrome (see also ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED). Clinical manifestations include motor weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1242-6) [from MeSH]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.
Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Brandt AU, Hemingway C, Neuteboom R, Pandit L, Reindl M, Saiz A, Sato DK, Rostasy K, Paul F, Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):268-282. Epub 2023 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8. PMID: 36706773
Management of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Uthman I, Noureldine MHA, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta M
Ann Rheum Dis 2019 Feb;78(2):155-161. Epub 2018 Oct 3 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213846. PMID: 30282668
Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management.
West TW
Discov Med 2013 Oct;16(88):167-77. PMID: 24099672

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Neurological Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccination.
Chatterjee A, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023 Jan;23(1):1-14. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01247-x. PMID: 36445631Free PMC Article
Approach to Myelopathy and Myelitis.
Douglas AG, Xu DJ, Shah MP
Neurol Clin 2022 Feb;40(1):133-156. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.08.009. PMID: 34798966
Myelitis and Other Autoimmune Myelopathies.
Lopez Chiriboga S, Flanagan EP
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Feb 1;27(1):62-92. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000900. PMID: 33522737
Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis and infectious diseases.
Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Monsalve DM, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM
Cell Mol Immunol 2018 Jun;15(6):547-562. Epub 2018 Jan 29 doi: 10.1038/cmi.2017.142. PMID: 29375121Free PMC Article
Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis.
Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group
Neurology 2002 Aug 27;59(4):499-505. doi: 10.1212/wnl.59.4.499. PMID: 12236201

Diagnosis

Vascular Myelopathies.
Zalewski NL
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Feb 1;27(1):30-61. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000905. PMID: 33522736
Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management.
West TW
Discov Med 2013 Oct;16(88):167-77. PMID: 24099672
Acute transverse myelitis: demyelinating, inflammatory, and infectious myelopathies.
West TW, Hess C, Cree BA
Semin Neurol 2012 Apr;32(2):97-113. Epub 2012 Sep 8 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1322586. PMID: 22961185
Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis--it's not all neuromyelitis optica.
Trebst C, Raab P, Voss EV, Rommer P, Abu-Mugheisib M, Zettl UK, Stangel M
Nat Rev Neurol 2011 Nov 1;7(12):688-98. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.176. PMID: 22045269
Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis.
Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group
Neurology 2002 Aug 27;59(4):499-505. doi: 10.1212/wnl.59.4.499. PMID: 12236201

Therapy

Neurological Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccination.
Chatterjee A, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023 Jan;23(1):1-14. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01247-x. PMID: 36445631Free PMC Article
Neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
Finsterer J
Acta Neurol Scand 2022 Jan;145(1):5-9. Epub 2021 Nov 8 doi: 10.1111/ane.13550. PMID: 34750810Free PMC Article
Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination.
Garg RK, Paliwal VK
Neurol Sci 2022 Jan;43(1):3-40. Epub 2021 Oct 31 doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05662-9. PMID: 34719776Free PMC Article
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.
Carnero Contentti E, Correale J
J Neuroinflammation 2021 Sep 16;18(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02249-1. PMID: 34530847Free PMC Article
Neuromyelitis optica.
Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, Levy M, Kim HJ, Wildemann B
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Oct 22;6(1):85. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0214-9. PMID: 33093467

Prognosis

Myelitis and Other Autoimmune Myelopathies.
Lopez Chiriboga S, Flanagan EP
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Feb 1;27(1):62-92. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000900. PMID: 33522737
Neuromyelitis optica.
Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, Levy M, Kim HJ, Wildemann B
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Oct 22;6(1):85. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0214-9. PMID: 33093467
Neuromyelitis Optica.
Patterson SL, Goglin SE
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2017 Nov;43(4):579-591. Epub 2017 Aug 31 doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2017.06.007. PMID: 29061244
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923
Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management.
West TW
Discov Med 2013 Oct;16(88):167-77. PMID: 24099672

Clinical prediction guides

Dengue, chikungunya and zika arbovirus infections in Caribbean children.
Christie CDC, Lue AM, Melbourne-Chambers RH
Curr Opin Pediatr 2023 Apr 1;35(2):155-165. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001229. PMID: 36801979Free PMC Article
Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.
Chan KH, Lee CY
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Aug 11;22(16) doi: 10.3390/ijms22168638. PMID: 34445343Free PMC Article
Clinical, Radiologic, and Prognostic Features of Myelitis Associated With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody.
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP
JAMA Neurol 2019 Mar 1;76(3):301-309. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4053. PMID: 30575890Free PMC Article
Neurological update: MOG antibody disease.
Wynford-Thomas R, Jacob A, Tomassini V
J Neurol 2019 May;266(5):1280-1286. Epub 2018 Dec 19 doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9122-2. PMID: 30569382Free PMC Article
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923

Recent systematic reviews

Transverse myelitis following COVID-19: Insights from a multi-center study and systematic literature review.
Adamec I, Brecl Jakob G, Drulović J, Sellner J, Bilić E, Sitaš B, Bilić H, Tamaš O, Budimkić M, Veselinović N, Horvat Ledinek A, Jerše J, Gomezelj S, Hauer L, Krbot Skorić M, Habek M
J Neurol Sci 2022 Dec 15;443:120463. Epub 2022 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120463. PMID: 36334503
Clinical characteristics, radiological features and prognostic factors of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review.
Ostovan VR, Sahraian MA, Karazhian N, Rostamihosseinkhani M, Salimi M, Marbooti H
Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022 Oct;66:104032. Epub 2022 Jul 6 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104032. PMID: 35858499Free PMC Article
Transverse myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and systematic literature review.
Wen X, Xu D, Yuan S, Zhang J
Autoimmun Rev 2022 Jun;21(6):103103. Epub 2022 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103103. PMID: 35452852
Transverse myelitis and vaccines: a multi-analysis.
Agmon-Levin N, Kivity S, Szyper-Kravitz M, Shoenfeld Y
Lupus 2009 Nov;18(13):1198-204. doi: 10.1177/0961203309345730. PMID: 19880568
Severe cytomegalovirus infection in apparently immunocompetent patients: a systematic review.
Rafailidis PI, Mourtzoukou EG, Varbobitis IC, Falagas ME
Virol J 2008 Mar 27;5:47. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-47. PMID: 18371229Free PMC Article

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