U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Eunuchism

MedGen UID:
65949
•Concept ID:
C0238117
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: eunuchism; hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Male); Male hypergonadotropic hypogonadism; Primary testicular failure
SNOMED CT: Eunuchism (267403002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005758

Definition

The state of being a eunuch, a male without testes or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male germ cells and testicular hormones. [from MONDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Effects of treatment for diabetes mellitus on testosterone concentrations: A systematic review.
Van Cauwenberghe J, De Block C, Vanderschueren D, Antonio L
Andrology 2023 Feb;11(2):225-233. Epub 2022 Nov 11 doi: 10.1111/andr.13318. PMID: 36251281
Functional hypogonadism in middle-aged and older men: testosterone treatment or not?
Grossmann M, Jones TH
Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Aug 3;185(3):D1-D9. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0362. PMID: 34260411
Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency.
McBride JA, Carson CC, Coward RM
Asian J Androl 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):177-86. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.143317. PMID: 25532575Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Subclinical male hypogonadism.
Corona G, Rastrelli G, Dicuio M, Concetti S, Minnetti M, Pivonello R, Isidori A, Sforza A, Maggi M
Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021 Sep;46(3):252-261. Epub 2020 Sep 24 doi: 10.23736/S2724-6507.20.03208-3. PMID: 32969626
Late-onset Hypogonadism: Bone health.
Rochira V
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1539-1550. Epub 2020 Jun 17 doi: 10.1111/andr.12827. PMID: 32469467
Testosterone replacement therapy.
Barbonetti A, D'Andrea S, Francavilla S
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1551-1566. Epub 2020 Mar 9 doi: 10.1111/andr.12774. PMID: 32068334
Late-onset hypogonadism: Prostate safety.
Miranda EP, Torres LO
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1606-1613. Epub 2020 Feb 28 doi: 10.1111/andr.12772. PMID: 32056383
Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study.
Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L
Aging Male 2016 Jun;19(2):134-42. Epub 2016 Jan 20 doi: 10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323. PMID: 26791805

Diagnosis

Late-onset Hypogonadism: Bone health.
Rochira V
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1539-1550. Epub 2020 Jun 17 doi: 10.1111/andr.12827. PMID: 32469467
Testosterone replacement therapy.
Barbonetti A, D'Andrea S, Francavilla S
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1551-1566. Epub 2020 Mar 9 doi: 10.1111/andr.12774. PMID: 32068334
Late-onset hypogonadism: a concept comes of age.
Nieschlag E
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1506-1511. Epub 2019 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/andr.12719. PMID: 31639279
NASH in Nondiabetic Endocrine Disorders.
Wang T, Yang W, Karakas S, Sarkar S
Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018 Sep;16(7):315-320. Epub 2018 Jun 6 doi: 10.1089/met.2018.0044. PMID: 29873585
Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency.
McBride JA, Carson CC, Coward RM
Asian J Androl 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):177-86. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.143317. PMID: 25532575Free PMC Article

Therapy

Subclinical male hypogonadism.
Corona G, Rastrelli G, Dicuio M, Concetti S, Minnetti M, Pivonello R, Isidori A, Sforza A, Maggi M
Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021 Sep;46(3):252-261. Epub 2020 Sep 24 doi: 10.23736/S2724-6507.20.03208-3. PMID: 32969626
Late-onset Hypogonadism: Bone health.
Rochira V
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1539-1550. Epub 2020 Jun 17 doi: 10.1111/andr.12827. PMID: 32469467
Testosterone replacement therapy.
Barbonetti A, D'Andrea S, Francavilla S
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1551-1566. Epub 2020 Mar 9 doi: 10.1111/andr.12774. PMID: 32068334
Late-onset hypogonadism: Prostate safety.
Miranda EP, Torres LO
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1606-1613. Epub 2020 Feb 28 doi: 10.1111/andr.12772. PMID: 32056383
Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study.
Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L
Aging Male 2016 Jun;19(2):134-42. Epub 2016 Jan 20 doi: 10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323. PMID: 26791805

Prognosis

Late-onset Hypogonadism: Bone health.
Rochira V
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1539-1550. Epub 2020 Jun 17 doi: 10.1111/andr.12827. PMID: 32469467
Late-onset hypogonadism: Prostate safety.
Miranda EP, Torres LO
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1606-1613. Epub 2020 Feb 28 doi: 10.1111/andr.12772. PMID: 32056383
Metabolic Syndrome in Male Hypogonadism.
Rastrelli G, Filippi S, Sforza A, Maggi M, Corona G
Front Horm Res 2018;49:131-155. Epub 2018 May 24 doi: 10.1159/000485999. PMID: 29895018
Comparison of questionnaires used for screening and symptom identification in hypogonadal men.
Bernie AM, Scovell JM, Ramasamy R
Aging Male 2014 Dec;17(4):195-8. Epub 2014 Sep 23 doi: 10.3109/13685538.2014.963041. PMID: 25247629
Male hypogonadism: an extended classification based on a developmental, endocrine physiology-based approach.
Rey RA, Grinspon RP, Gottlieb S, Pasqualini T, Knoblovits P, Aszpis S, Pacenza N, Stewart Usher J, Bergadá I, Campo SM
Andrology 2013 Jan;1(1):3-16. Epub 2012 Oct 9 doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00008.x. PMID: 23258624

Clinical prediction guides

Testosterone replacement therapy.
Barbonetti A, D'Andrea S, Francavilla S
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1551-1566. Epub 2020 Mar 9 doi: 10.1111/andr.12774. PMID: 32068334
Late-onset hypogonadism: Prostate safety.
Miranda EP, Torres LO
Andrology 2020 Nov;8(6):1606-1613. Epub 2020 Feb 28 doi: 10.1111/andr.12772. PMID: 32056383
Metabolic Syndrome in Male Hypogonadism.
Rastrelli G, Filippi S, Sforza A, Maggi M, Corona G
Front Horm Res 2018;49:131-155. Epub 2018 May 24 doi: 10.1159/000485999. PMID: 29895018
Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study.
Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L
Aging Male 2016 Jun;19(2):134-42. Epub 2016 Jan 20 doi: 10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323. PMID: 26791805
Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency.
McBride JA, Carson CC, Coward RM
Asian J Androl 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):177-86. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.143317. PMID: 25532575Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Selective modulation of estrogen receptor in obese men with androgen deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tienforti D, Castellini C, Di Giulio F, Totaro M, Dalmazio G, Spagnolo L, Muselli M, Corona G, Baroni MG, Barbonetti A
Andrology 2023 Sep;11(6):1067-1076. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1111/andr.13373. PMID: 36604313
Effects of treatment for diabetes mellitus on testosterone concentrations: A systematic review.
Van Cauwenberghe J, De Block C, Vanderschueren D, Antonio L
Andrology 2023 Feb;11(2):225-233. Epub 2022 Nov 11 doi: 10.1111/andr.13318. PMID: 36251281
The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men being treated for hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kang DY, Li HJ
Medicine (Baltimore) 2015 Jan;94(3):e410. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000410. PMID: 25621688Free PMC Article
The effect of androgen-replacement therapy on prostate growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cui Y, Zhang Y
Eur Urol 2013 Nov;64(5):811-22. Epub 2013 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.042. PMID: 23567065

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...