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Juvenile onset Parkinson disease 19A(PARK19A)

MedGen UID:
816141
Concept ID:
C3809811
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: PARK19
 
Gene (location): DNAJC6 (1p31.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014231
OMIM®: 615528

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: DNAJC6 Parkinson Disease
DNAJC6 Parkinson disease is a complex early-onset neurologic disorder whose core features are typical parkinsonian symptoms including bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. The majority of individuals have juvenile onset and develop symptoms before age 21 years. Developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, other movement disorders (e.g., dystonia, spasticity, myoclonus), and neuropsychiatric features occur in the majority of individuals with juvenile onset and often precede parkinsonism. The onset of parkinsonian features usually occurs toward the end of the first or beginning of the second decade and the disease course is rapidly progressive with loss of ambulation in mid-adolescence in the majority of individuals. Additional features include gastrointestinal manifestations and bulbar dysfunction. A minority of individuals with DNAJC6 Parkinson disease develop early-onset parkinsonism with symptom onset in the third to fourth decade and absence of additional neurologic features. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Manju A Kurian  |  Lucia Abela   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Parkinson disease-19A is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of parkinsonism in the first or second decade. Some patients may have additional neurologic features, including mental retardation and seizures (summary by Edvardson et al., 2012 and Koroglu et al., 2013). Parkinson disease-19B is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset of parkinsonism between the third and fifth decades. It is slowly progressive, shows features similar to classic late-onset Parkinson disease (PD), and has a beneficial response to dopaminergic therapy (Olgiati et al., 2016). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Parkinson disease, see PD (168600).  http://www.omim.org/entry/615528

Clinical features

From HPO
Limb hypertonia
MedGen UID:
333083
Concept ID:
C1838391
Finding
Dysarthria
MedGen UID:
8510
Concept ID:
C0013362
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Hallucinations
MedGen UID:
6709
Concept ID:
C0018524
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Perceptions in a conscious and awake state that, in the absence of external stimuli, have qualities of real perception. These perceptions are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space.
Spasticity
MedGen UID:
7753
Concept ID:
C0026838
Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Shuffling gait
MedGen UID:
68545
Concept ID:
C0231688
Finding
A type of gait (walking) characterized by by dragging one's feet along or without lifting the feet fully from the ground.
Bradykinesia
MedGen UID:
115925
Concept ID:
C0233565
Sign or Symptom
Bradykinesia literally means slow movement, and is used clinically to denote a slowness in the execution of movement (in contrast to hypokinesia, which is used to refer to slowness in the initiation of movement).
Abnormal pyramidal sign
MedGen UID:
68582
Concept ID:
C0234132
Sign or Symptom
Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract.
Parkinsonian disorder
MedGen UID:
66079
Concept ID:
C0242422
Disease or Syndrome
Characteristic neurologic anomaly resulting from degeneration of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, characterized clinically by shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait.
Cognitive impairment
MedGen UID:
90932
Concept ID:
C0338656
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.
Pill-rolling tremor
MedGen UID:
199684
Concept ID:
C0751564
Sign or Symptom
A type of resting tremor characterized by simultaneous rubbing movements of thumb and index fingers against each other.
Loss of ambulation
MedGen UID:
332305
Concept ID:
C1836843
Finding
Inability to walk in a person who previous had the ability to walk.
Postural instability
MedGen UID:
334529
Concept ID:
C1843921
Finding
A tendency to fall or the inability to keep oneself from falling; imbalance. The retropulsion test is widely regarded as the gold standard to evaluate postural instability, Use of the retropulsion test includes a rapid balance perturbation in the backward direction, and the number of balance correcting steps (or total absence thereof) is used to rate the degree of postural instability. Healthy subjects correct such perturbations with either one or two large steps, or without taking any steps, hinging rapidly at the hips while swinging the arms forward as a counterweight. In patients with balance impairment, balance correcting steps are often too small, forcing patients to take more than two steps. Taking three or more steps is generally considered to be abnormal, and taking more than five steps is regarded as being clearly abnormal. Markedly affected patients continue to step backward without ever regaining their balance and must be caught by the examiner (this would be called true retropulsion). Even more severely affected patients fail to correct entirely, and fall backward like a pushed toy soldier, without taking any corrective steps.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Glabellar reflex
MedGen UID:
927587
Concept ID:
C4293678
Finding
A type of primitive reflex that is elicited by repetitive tapping on the forehead. Normal subjects usually blink in response to the first several taps, but if blinking persists, the response is abnormal and considered to be a sign of frontal release. Persistent blinking is also known as Myerson's sign.
Rigidity
MedGen UID:
7752
Concept ID:
C0026837
Sign or Symptom
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.
Hypomimic face
MedGen UID:
208827
Concept ID:
C0813217
Finding
A reduced degree of motion of the muscles beneath the skin of the face, often associated with reduced facial crease formation.
Hypometric saccades
MedGen UID:
98065
Concept ID:
C0423082
Finding
Saccadic undershoot, i.e., a saccadic eye movement that has less than the magnitude that would be required to gain fixation of the object.

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