U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Small for Gestational Age for Weight

MedGen UID:
857157
•Concept ID:
C3897563
•
Finding

Definition

Birth weight greater than two standard deviations below the mean for the reference population of the same sex and gestational age. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSmall for Gestational Age for Weight

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Guideline No. 442: Fetal Growth Restriction: Screening, Diagnosis, and Management in Singleton Pregnancies.
Kingdom J, Ashwal E, Lausman A, Liauw J, Soliman N, Figueiro-Filho E, Nash C, Bujold E, Melamed N
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Oct;45(10):102154. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.05.022. PMID: 37730302
The incidence, complications, and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy.
Benson AE, Shatzel JJ, Ryan KS, Hedges MA, Martens K, Aslan JE, Lo JO
Eur J Haematol 2022 Dec;109(6):633-642. Epub 2022 Oct 4 doi: 10.1111/ejh.13870. PMID: 36153674Free PMC Article
Contingent Screening for Small by Weight for Gestational Age Neonates.
Frick AP, Nicolaides KH, Poon LC
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2016 Mar;13(3):568-73. PMID: 27116844

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Severity of small-for-gestational-age and morbidity and mortality among very preterm neonates.
Minor KC, Bianco K, Sie L, Druzin ML, Lee HC, Leonard SA
J Perinatol 2023 Apr;43(4):437-444. Epub 2022 Oct 27 doi: 10.1038/s41372-022-01544-w. PMID: 36302849
Small for gestational age: the familial perspective.
Barzilai R, Bronshtein M, Steinberg M, Weiner Z, Gover A
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022 Oct;35(20):3840-3844. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1841160. PMID: 33138687
The limits of small-for-gestational-age as a high-risk category.
Wilcox AJ, Cortese M, McConnaughey DR, Moster D, Basso O
Eur J Epidemiol 2021 Oct;36(10):985-991. Epub 2021 Oct 18 doi: 10.1007/s10654-021-00810-z. PMID: 34661814
Metabolic biomarkers of small and large for gestational age newborns.
Schupper A, Almashanu S, Coster D, Keidar R, Betser M, Sagiv N, Bassan H
Early Hum Dev 2021 Sep;160:105422. Epub 2021 Jul 4 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105422. PMID: 34271419
Fetal nutrition.
Rosa FW, Turshen M
Bull World Health Organ 1970;43(6):785-95. PMID: 5314013Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Electroencephalographic studies in growth-restricted and small-for-gestational-age neonates.
Stevenson NJ, Lai MM, Starkman HE, Colditz PB, Wixey JA
Pediatr Res 2022 Dec;92(6):1527-1534. Epub 2022 Feb 23 doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-01992-2. PMID: 35197567Free PMC Article
Midtrimester Ultrasound Predictors of Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates.
Patel V, Resnick K, Liang C, Smith M, Haghpeykar HS, Mastrobattista JM, Gandhi M
J Ultrasound Med 2020 Oct;39(10):2027-2031. Epub 2020 May 18 doi: 10.1002/jum.15310. PMID: 32420664
Fetal size standards to diagnose a small- or a large-for-gestational-age fetus.
Romero R, Tarca AL
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Feb;218(2S):S605-S607. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.217. PMID: 29422201Free PMC Article
Biometric assessment.
Kiserud T, Johnsen SL
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2009 Dec;23(6):819-31. Epub 2009 Jul 26 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.06.007. PMID: 19632901
Fetal malnutrition.
Nutr Rev 1973 Jun;31(6):179-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1973.tb05171.x. PMID: 4209260

Therapy

Clinical Opinion: The diagnosis and management of suspected fetal growth restriction: an evidence-based approach.
Lees CC, Romero R, Stampalija T, Dall'Asta A, DeVore GA, Prefumo F, Frusca T, Visser GHA, Hobbins JC, Baschat AA, Bilardo CM, Galan HL, Campbell S, Maulik D, Figueras F, Lee W, Unterscheider J, Valensise H, Da Silva Costa F, Salomon LJ, Poon LC, Ferrazzi E, Mari G, Rizzo G, Kingdom JC, Kiserud T, Hecher K
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Mar;226(3):366-378. Epub 2022 Jan 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1357. PMID: 35026129Free PMC Article
Low birth weight and small for gestational age are associated with complications of childhood and adolescence obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Martín-Calvo N, Goni L, Tur JA, Martínez JA
Obes Rev 2022 Jan;23 Suppl 1:e13380. Epub 2021 Nov 16 doi: 10.1111/obr.13380. PMID: 34786817
Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Goldstein RF, Abell SK, Ranasinha S, Misso M, Boyle JA, Black MH, Li N, Hu G, Corrado F, Rode L, Kim YJ, Haugen M, Song WO, Kim MH, Bogaerts A, Devlieger R, Chung JH, Teede HJ
JAMA 2017 Jun 6;317(21):2207-2225. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3635. PMID: 28586887Free PMC Article
Frenotomy for tongue-tie in newborn infants.
O'Shea JE, Foster JP, O'Donnell CP, Breathnach D, Jacobs SE, Todd DA, Davis PG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 11;3(3):CD011065. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011065.pub2. PMID: 28284020Free PMC Article
Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment in preterm infants.
Spittle A, Orton J, Anderson PJ, Boyd R, Doyle LW
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Nov 24;2015(11):CD005495. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005495.pub4. PMID: 26597166Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Metabolic biomarkers of small and large for gestational age newborns.
Schupper A, Almashanu S, Coster D, Keidar R, Betser M, Sagiv N, Bassan H
Early Hum Dev 2021 Sep;160:105422. Epub 2021 Jul 4 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105422. PMID: 34271419
Pregnancy after bariatric surgery and adverse perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Akhter Z, Rankin J, Ceulemans D, Ngongalah L, Ackroyd R, Devlieger R, Vieira R, Heslehurst N
PLoS Med 2019 Aug;16(8):e1002866. Epub 2019 Aug 6 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002866. PMID: 31386658Free PMC Article
Small for gestational age birth weight: impact on lung structure and function.
Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A
Paediatr Respir Rev 2013 Dec;14(4):256-62. Epub 2012 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2012.10.001. PMID: 23249620
Fetal malnutrition.
Nutr Rev 1973 Jun;31(6):179-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1973.tb05171.x. PMID: 4209260
Fetal nutrition.
Rosa FW, Turshen M
Bull World Health Organ 1970;43(6):785-95. PMID: 5314013Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

The limits of small-for-gestational-age as a high-risk category.
Wilcox AJ, Cortese M, McConnaughey DR, Moster D, Basso O
Eur J Epidemiol 2021 Oct;36(10):985-991. Epub 2021 Oct 18 doi: 10.1007/s10654-021-00810-z. PMID: 34661814
Metabolic biomarkers of small and large for gestational age newborns.
Schupper A, Almashanu S, Coster D, Keidar R, Betser M, Sagiv N, Bassan H
Early Hum Dev 2021 Sep;160:105422. Epub 2021 Jul 4 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105422. PMID: 34271419
Prediction of Large-for-Gestational-Age Neonates by Different Growth Standards.
Duncan JR, Odibo L, Hoover EA, Odibo AO
J Ultrasound Med 2021 May;40(5):963-970. Epub 2020 Aug 29 doi: 10.1002/jum.15470. PMID: 32860453
Midtrimester Ultrasound Predictors of Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates.
Patel V, Resnick K, Liang C, Smith M, Haghpeykar HS, Mastrobattista JM, Gandhi M
J Ultrasound Med 2020 Oct;39(10):2027-2031. Epub 2020 May 18 doi: 10.1002/jum.15310. PMID: 32420664
Biometric assessment.
Kiserud T, Johnsen SL
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2009 Dec;23(6):819-31. Epub 2009 Jul 26 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.06.007. PMID: 19632901

Recent systematic reviews

Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F
BMJ 2022 May 25;377:e067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946. PMID: 35613728Free PMC Article
Low birth weight and small for gestational age are associated with complications of childhood and adolescence obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Martín-Calvo N, Goni L, Tur JA, Martínez JA
Obes Rev 2022 Jan;23 Suppl 1:e13380. Epub 2021 Nov 16 doi: 10.1111/obr.13380. PMID: 34786817
Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus.
Shepherd E, Gomersall JC, Tieu J, Han S, Crowther CA, Middleton P
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Nov 13;11(11):CD010443. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010443.pub3. PMID: 29129039Free PMC Article
Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Goldstein RF, Abell SK, Ranasinha S, Misso M, Boyle JA, Black MH, Li N, Hu G, Corrado F, Rode L, Kim YJ, Haugen M, Song WO, Kim MH, Bogaerts A, Devlieger R, Chung JH, Teede HJ
JAMA 2017 Jun 6;317(21):2207-2225. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3635. PMID: 28586887Free PMC Article
Frenotomy for tongue-tie in newborn infants.
O'Shea JE, Foster JP, O'Donnell CP, Breathnach D, Jacobs SE, Todd DA, Davis PG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 11;3(3):CD011065. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011065.pub2. PMID: 28284020Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...