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Encephalomyelitis, Equine

MedGen UID:
8605
•Concept ID:
C0014074
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Encephalitis, Equine; Equine Encephalitis; Equine Encephalomyelitis; Equine Encephalomyelitis Viral Infections; Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Infections; Infections, Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Definition

A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10) [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVEncephalomyelitis, Equine

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The 1952 outbreak of encephalitis in California; differential diagnosis.
KOKERNOT RH, SHINEFIELD HR, LONGSHORE WA Jr
Calif Med 1953 Aug;79(2):73-7. PMID: 13067016Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Dynamics of eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States.
Hill V, Koch RT, Bialosuknia SM, Ngo K, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Dupuis AP, Backenson PB, Oliver J, Bransfield AB, Misencik MJ, Petruff TA, Shepard JJ, Warren JL, Gill MS, Baele G, Vogels CBF, Gallagher G, Burns P, Hentoff A, Smole S, Brown C, Osborne M, Kramer LD, Armstrong PM, Ciota AT, Grubaugh ND
Curr Biol 2023 Jun 19;33(12):2515-2527.e6. Epub 2023 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.047. PMID: 37295427Free PMC Article
Advances in the Development of Small Molecule Antivirals against Equine Encephalitic Viruses.
Ogorek TJ, Golden JE
Viruses 2023 Feb 1;15(2) doi: 10.3390/v15020413. PMID: 36851628Free PMC Article
EGR1 Upregulation during Encephalitic Viral Infections Contributes to Inflammation and Cell Death.
Lehman CW, Smith A, Kelly J, Jacobs JL, Dinman JD, Kehn-Hall K
Viruses 2022 Jun 2;14(6) doi: 10.3390/v14061210. PMID: 35746681Free PMC Article
Arboviruses in North Dakota, 2003-2006.
Anderson JF, Main AJ, Armstrong PM, Andreadis TG, Ferrandino FJ
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015 Feb;92(2):377-93. Epub 2014 Dec 8 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0291. PMID: 25487728Free PMC Article
Epidemiology of the arthropod-borne encephalitides.
MILES JA
Bull World Health Organ 1960;22(3-4):339-71. PMID: 14422369Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Four Human Cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Connecticut, USA, during a Larger Regional Outbreak, 2019.
Brown SC, Cormier J, Tuan J, Lier AJ, McGuone D, Armstrong PM, Kaddouh F, Parikh S, Landry ML, Gobeske KT
Emerg Infect Dis 2021 Aug;27(8):2042-51. doi: 10.3201/eid2708.203730. PMID: 34289334Free PMC Article
Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?
Lecollinet S, Pronost S, Coulpier M, Beck C, Gonzalez G, Leblond A, Tritz P
Viruses 2019 Dec 24;12(1) doi: 10.3390/v12010023. PMID: 31878129Free PMC Article
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis with hematuria and bladder dysfunction.
Lavoie SR, Markowitz S, Kapadia SJ
South Med J 1993 Jul;86(7):812-4. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199307000-00019. PMID: 8100647
Viral encephalitis.
Toltzis P
Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1991;6:111-36. PMID: 1647166
Viral encephalitis.
Hammon WM, Ho M
Dis Mon 1973 Mar:1-47. doi: 10.1016/s0011-5029(73)80010-0. PMID: 4144386

Therapy

Safety and immunogenicity of a novel trivalent recombinant MVA-based equine encephalitis virus vaccine: A Phase 1 clinical trial.
Fierro C, Weidenthaler H, Vidojkovic S, Schmidt D, Gafoor Z, Stroukova D, Zwiers S, Müller J, Volkmann A
Vaccine 2024 Apr 11;42(10):2695-2706. Epub 2024 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.011. PMID: 38494412
Advances in the Development of Small Molecule Antivirals against Equine Encephalitic Viruses.
Ogorek TJ, Golden JE
Viruses 2023 Feb 1;15(2) doi: 10.3390/v15020413. PMID: 36851628Free PMC Article
Human Antibodies Protect against Aerosolized Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection.
Williamson LE, Gilliland T Jr, Yadav PK, Binshtein E, Bombardi R, Kose N, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Durie CL, Armstrong E, Carnahan RH, Walker LM, Kim AS, Fox JM, Diamond MS, Ohi MD, Klimstra WB, Crowe JE Jr
Cell 2020 Dec 23;183(7):1884-1900.e23. Epub 2020 Dec 9 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.011. PMID: 33301709Free PMC Article
Cryo-EM structure of eastern equine encephalitis virus in complex with heparan sulfate analogues.
Chen CL, Hasan SS, Klose T, Sun Y, Buda G, Sun C, Klimstra WB, Rossmann MG
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Apr 21;117(16):8890-8899. Epub 2020 Apr 3 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910670117. PMID: 32245806Free PMC Article
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of immunoglobulins G and M to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in vaccinated and naturally infected humans.
Rosato RR, Macasaet FF, Jahrling PB
J Clin Microbiol 1988 Mar;26(3):421-5. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.3.421-425.1988. PMID: 3356784Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Dynamics of eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States.
Hill V, Koch RT, Bialosuknia SM, Ngo K, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Dupuis AP, Backenson PB, Oliver J, Bransfield AB, Misencik MJ, Petruff TA, Shepard JJ, Warren JL, Gill MS, Baele G, Vogels CBF, Gallagher G, Burns P, Hentoff A, Smole S, Brown C, Osborne M, Kramer LD, Armstrong PM, Ciota AT, Grubaugh ND
Curr Biol 2023 Jun 19;33(12):2515-2527.e6. Epub 2023 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.047. PMID: 37295427Free PMC Article
Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease.
Anderson C, Baha H, Boghdeh N, Barrera M, Alem F, Narayanan A
Viruses 2023 May 13;15(5) doi: 10.3390/v15051163. PMID: 37243249Free PMC Article
Spatiotemporal Environmental Drivers of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Central Florida: Towards a Predictive Model for a Lethal Disease.
Mundis SJ, Harrison S, Pelley D, Durand S, Ryan SJ
J Med Entomol 2022 Sep 14;59(5):1805-1816. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjac113. PMID: 35957606Free PMC Article
Viral encephalitis.
Toltzis P
Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1991;6:111-36. PMID: 1647166
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of immunoglobulins G and M to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in vaccinated and naturally infected humans.
Rosato RR, Macasaet FF, Jahrling PB
J Clin Microbiol 1988 Mar;26(3):421-5. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.3.421-425.1988. PMID: 3356784Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Safety and immunogenicity of a novel trivalent recombinant MVA-based equine encephalitis virus vaccine: A Phase 1 clinical trial.
Fierro C, Weidenthaler H, Vidojkovic S, Schmidt D, Gafoor Z, Stroukova D, Zwiers S, Müller J, Volkmann A
Vaccine 2024 Apr 11;42(10):2695-2706. Epub 2024 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.011. PMID: 38494412
Dynamics of eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States.
Hill V, Koch RT, Bialosuknia SM, Ngo K, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Dupuis AP, Backenson PB, Oliver J, Bransfield AB, Misencik MJ, Petruff TA, Shepard JJ, Warren JL, Gill MS, Baele G, Vogels CBF, Gallagher G, Burns P, Hentoff A, Smole S, Brown C, Osborne M, Kramer LD, Armstrong PM, Ciota AT, Grubaugh ND
Curr Biol 2023 Jun 19;33(12):2515-2527.e6. Epub 2023 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.047. PMID: 37295427Free PMC Article
Structural constraints link differences in neutralization potency of human anti-Eastern equine encephalitis virus monoclonal antibodies.
Williamson LE, Bandyopadhyay A, Bailey K, Sirohi D, Klose T, Julander JG, Kuhn RJ, Crowe JE Jr
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023 Mar 28;120(13):e2213690120. Epub 2023 Mar 24 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2213690120. PMID: 36961925Free PMC Article
Spatiotemporal Environmental Drivers of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Central Florida: Towards a Predictive Model for a Lethal Disease.
Mundis SJ, Harrison S, Pelley D, Durand S, Ryan SJ
J Med Entomol 2022 Sep 14;59(5):1805-1816. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjac113. PMID: 35957606Free PMC Article
Clinical and neuroradiographic manifestations of eastern equine encephalitis.
Deresiewicz RL, Thaler SJ, Hsu L, Zamani AA
N Engl J Med 1997 Jun 26;336(26):1867-74. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199706263362604. PMID: 9197215

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