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Bitot spots of the conjunctiva

MedGen UID:
893037
•Concept ID:
C4024868
•
Finding
Synonym: Bitot's spots
 
HPO: HP:0007462

Definition

Keratinization of the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus (corneoscleral junction), resulting in a raised spot. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBitot spots of the conjunctiva

Conditions with this feature

Hypercarotenemia and vitamin A deficiency, autosomal recessive
MedGen UID:
395578
•Concept ID:
C2678266
•
Disease or Syndrome
See: Condition Record
Hypercarotenemia and vitamin A deficiency, autosomal recessive

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Recurrent episodes of night blindness in a patient with short bowel syndrome.
Renner AB, Dietrich-Ntoukas T, Jägle H
Doc Ophthalmol 2015 Dec;131(3):221-30. Epub 2015 Oct 27 doi: 10.1007/s10633-015-9516-8. PMID: 26507840
Impression cytology: a practical index of vitamin A status.
Natadisastra G, Wittpenn JR, Muhilal, West KP Jr, Mele L, Sommer A
Am J Clin Nutr 1988 Sep;48(3):695-701. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/48.3.695. PMID: 3414584

Diagnosis

Light Perception Vision and Xerophthalmia in an 11-Year-Old Boy.
Sriram A, Kodali S, Kim G, Kang JJ
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2022 May-Jun;59(3):e35-e38. Epub 2022 May 1 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20220420-02. PMID: 35603950
Bitot's spots, dry eyes, and night blindness indicate vitamin A deficiency.
Chakraborty U, Chandra A
Lancet 2021 Jan 16;397(10270):e2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00041-6. PMID: 33453784
Black Dots and the Evil Eye! Bitot's spots.
Nair AG, Trivedi MG, Shirwadkar SP, Potdar NA, Shinde CA
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2015 Sep-Oct;52(5):265-6. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20150819-02. PMID: 26431555
Clinical characteristics of vitamin A responsive and nonresponsive Bitot's spots.
Emran N, Tjakrasudjatma S
Am J Ophthalmol 1980 Aug;90(2):160-71. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74848-2. PMID: 6968513
Lissamine green staining in the clinical diagnosis of xerophthalmia.
Emran N, Sommer A
Arch Ophthalmol 1979 Dec;97(12):2333-5. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020549009. PMID: 316322

Therapy

Bitot's Spots in Gastric Bypass Patient.
Surapaneni KR, Koreishi A, Phelps PO
Ophthalmology 2016 Mar;123(3):521. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.04.030. PMID: 26902561
Black Dots and the Evil Eye! Bitot's spots.
Nair AG, Trivedi MG, Shirwadkar SP, Potdar NA, Shinde CA
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2015 Sep-Oct;52(5):265-6. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20150819-02. PMID: 26431555
Evaluation of vitamin A deficiency in the Yelimane Circle of Mali, west Africa.
Perkins AL
Trop Doct 1994 Apr;24(2):70-2. doi: 10.1177/004947559402400208. PMID: 8009618
Response of Bitot's spots to a single oral 100,000- or 200,000-IU dose of vitamin A.
Sovani I, Humphrey JH, Kuntinalibronto DR, Natadisastra G, Muhilal, Tielsch JM
Am J Ophthalmol 1994 Dec 15;118(6):792-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72560-7. PMID: 7977607
Clinical characteristics of vitamin A responsive and nonresponsive Bitot's spots.
Emran N, Tjakrasudjatma S
Am J Ophthalmol 1980 Aug;90(2):160-71. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74848-2. PMID: 6968513

Prognosis

Recurrent episodes of night blindness in a patient with short bowel syndrome.
Renner AB, Dietrich-Ntoukas T, Jägle H
Doc Ophthalmol 2015 Dec;131(3):221-30. Epub 2015 Oct 27 doi: 10.1007/s10633-015-9516-8. PMID: 26507840
Response of Bitot's spots to a single oral 100,000- or 200,000-IU dose of vitamin A.
Sovani I, Humphrey JH, Kuntinalibronto DR, Natadisastra G, Muhilal, Tielsch JM
Am J Ophthalmol 1994 Dec 15;118(6):792-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72560-7. PMID: 7977607

Clinical prediction guides

Water, sanitation, hygiene practices, health and nutritional status among children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal evidence from remote areas of Dailekh and Achham districts in Nepal.
Shrestha A, Kunwar BM, Meierhofer R
BMC Public Health 2022 Nov 7;22(1):2035. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14346-8. PMID: 36344970Free PMC Article
Response of Bitot's spots to a single oral 100,000- or 200,000-IU dose of vitamin A.
Sovani I, Humphrey JH, Kuntinalibronto DR, Natadisastra G, Muhilal, Tielsch JM
Am J Ophthalmol 1994 Dec 15;118(6):792-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72560-7. PMID: 7977607
Clinical and electron microscopic observations of the conjunctiva of adult patients with Bitot's spots.
Ganley JP, Payne CM
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981 May;20(5):632-43. PMID: 7194328

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