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Acute flaccid myelitis

MedGen UID:
927532
Concept ID:
C4290000
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: acute flaccid myelitis; AFM syndrome
SNOMED CT: Acute flaccid myelitis (897031002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0100115
Orphanet: ORPHA623801

Definition

An acute onset of focal limb weakness that is associated mainly with gray matter abnormalities or CSF pleocytosis, but which is without an apparent cause. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAcute flaccid myelitis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tisavipat N, Flanagan EP
Expert Rev Neurother 2023 Apr;23(4):389-411. Epub 2023 Apr 7 doi: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2195095. PMID: 37026545
Murphy OC, Messacar K, Benson L, Bove R, Carpenter JL, Crawford T, Dean J, DeBiasi R, Desai J, Elrick MJ, Farias-Moeller R, Gombolay GY, Greenberg B, Harmelink M, Hong S, Hopkins SE, Oleszek J, Otten C, Sadowsky CL, Schreiner TL, Thakur KT, Van Haren K, Carballo CM, Chong PF, Fall A, Gowda VK, Helfferich J, Kira R, Lim M, Lopez EL, Wells EM, Yeh EA, Pardo CA; AFM working group
Lancet 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):334-346. Epub 2020 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32723-9. PMID: 33357469Free PMC Article
Hopkins SE, Desai J, Benson L
Pediatr Neurol 2021 Jan;114:26-28. Epub 2020 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.09.003. PMID: 33190069Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Nosadini M, Eyre M, Molteni E, Thomas T, Irani SR, Dalmau J, Dale RC, Lim M; International NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis Consensus Group, Anlar B, Armangue T, Benseler S, Cellucci T, Deiva K, Gallentine W, Gombolay G, Gorman MP, Hacohen Y, Jiang Y, Lim BC, Muscal E, Ndondo A, Neuteboom R, Rostásy K, Sakuma H, Sartori S, Sharma S, Tenembaum SN, Van Mater HA, Wells E, Wickstrom R, Yeshokumar AK
JAMA Neurol 2021 Nov 1;78(11):1333-1344. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3188. PMID: 34542573Free PMC Article
Murphy OC, Messacar K, Benson L, Bove R, Carpenter JL, Crawford T, Dean J, DeBiasi R, Desai J, Elrick MJ, Farias-Moeller R, Gombolay GY, Greenberg B, Harmelink M, Hong S, Hopkins SE, Oleszek J, Otten C, Sadowsky CL, Schreiner TL, Thakur KT, Van Haren K, Carballo CM, Chong PF, Fall A, Gowda VK, Helfferich J, Kira R, Lim M, Lopez EL, Wells EM, Yeh EA, Pardo CA; AFM working group
Lancet 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):334-346. Epub 2020 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32723-9. PMID: 33357469Free PMC Article
Isada CM, Miller R
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020 Jun;33(3):251-258. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000650. PMID: 32332224
Cartwright CC, Wessol JL
J Neurosci Nurs 2019 Aug;51(4):190-192. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000447. PMID: 31180940
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP
JAMA Neurol 2019 Mar 1;76(3):301-309. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4053. PMID: 30575890Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Ide W, Melicosta M, Trovato MK
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2021 Aug;32(3):477-491. Epub 2021 May 20 doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.02.004. PMID: 34175008
McEntire CRS, Anand P, Cervantes-Arslanian AM
Neurol Clin 2021 May;39(2):565-588. Epub 2021 Mar 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.02.003. PMID: 33896533
Murphy OC, Messacar K, Benson L, Bove R, Carpenter JL, Crawford T, Dean J, DeBiasi R, Desai J, Elrick MJ, Farias-Moeller R, Gombolay GY, Greenberg B, Harmelink M, Hong S, Hopkins SE, Oleszek J, Otten C, Sadowsky CL, Schreiner TL, Thakur KT, Van Haren K, Carballo CM, Chong PF, Fall A, Gowda VK, Helfferich J, Kira R, Lim M, Lopez EL, Wells EM, Yeh EA, Pardo CA; AFM working group
Lancet 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):334-346. Epub 2020 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32723-9. PMID: 33357469Free PMC Article
Isada CM, Miller R
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020 Jun;33(3):251-258. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000650. PMID: 32332224
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP
JAMA Neurol 2019 Mar 1;76(3):301-309. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4053. PMID: 30575890Free PMC Article

Therapy

Kozlowski J, Linzey JR, Muhlestein WE, Smith BW, Chang KW, Yang LJ
Plast Reconstr Surg 2023 Jan 1;151(1):85e-98e. Epub 2022 Oct 11 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009788. PMID: 36219869
Nosadini M, Eyre M, Molteni E, Thomas T, Irani SR, Dalmau J, Dale RC, Lim M; International NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis Consensus Group, Anlar B, Armangue T, Benseler S, Cellucci T, Deiva K, Gallentine W, Gombolay G, Gorman MP, Hacohen Y, Jiang Y, Lim BC, Muscal E, Ndondo A, Neuteboom R, Rostásy K, Sakuma H, Sartori S, Sharma S, Tenembaum SN, Van Mater HA, Wells E, Wickstrom R, Yeshokumar AK
JAMA Neurol 2021 Nov 1;78(11):1333-1344. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3188. PMID: 34542573Free PMC Article
Kapadia RK, Gill CM, Baca C, McMenamin C, Kannappan A, Niehaus WN, Tyler KL, Pastula DM, Piquet AL
J Neuroimmunol 2021 Sep 15;358:577639. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577639. PMID: 34214953
Tetro JA
Microbes Infect 2019 Aug-Sep;21(7):271-272. Epub 2019 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.02.006. PMID: 30844444
Gill PJ, Bitnun A, Yeh EA
CMAJ 2018 Dec 3;190(48):E1418. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.181442. PMID: 30510047Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Nosadini M, Eyre M, Molteni E, Thomas T, Irani SR, Dalmau J, Dale RC, Lim M; International NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis Consensus Group, Anlar B, Armangue T, Benseler S, Cellucci T, Deiva K, Gallentine W, Gombolay G, Gorman MP, Hacohen Y, Jiang Y, Lim BC, Muscal E, Ndondo A, Neuteboom R, Rostásy K, Sakuma H, Sartori S, Sharma S, Tenembaum SN, Van Mater HA, Wells E, Wickstrom R, Yeshokumar AK
JAMA Neurol 2021 Nov 1;78(11):1333-1344. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3188. PMID: 34542573Free PMC Article
Chong PF, Torisu H, Yasumoto S, Okumura A, Mori H, Sato T, Kimura J, Ohga S, Tanaka-Taya K, Kira R; Acute Flaccid Myelitis Collaborative Study Investigators
Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Oct;132(10):2456-2463. Epub 2021 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.07.013. PMID: 34454273
Murphy OC, Messacar K, Benson L, Bove R, Carpenter JL, Crawford T, Dean J, DeBiasi R, Desai J, Elrick MJ, Farias-Moeller R, Gombolay GY, Greenberg B, Harmelink M, Hong S, Hopkins SE, Oleszek J, Otten C, Sadowsky CL, Schreiner TL, Thakur KT, Van Haren K, Carballo CM, Chong PF, Fall A, Gowda VK, Helfferich J, Kira R, Lim M, Lopez EL, Wells EM, Yeh EA, Pardo CA; AFM working group
Lancet 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):334-346. Epub 2020 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32723-9. PMID: 33357469Free PMC Article
Uprety P, Graf EH
Curr Opin Virol 2020 Feb;40:55-60. Epub 2020 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.06.006. PMID: 32711392
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP
JAMA Neurol 2019 Mar 1;76(3):301-309. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4053. PMID: 30575890Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Nosadini M, Eyre M, Molteni E, Thomas T, Irani SR, Dalmau J, Dale RC, Lim M; International NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis Consensus Group, Anlar B, Armangue T, Benseler S, Cellucci T, Deiva K, Gallentine W, Gombolay G, Gorman MP, Hacohen Y, Jiang Y, Lim BC, Muscal E, Ndondo A, Neuteboom R, Rostásy K, Sakuma H, Sartori S, Sharma S, Tenembaum SN, Van Mater HA, Wells E, Wickstrom R, Yeshokumar AK
JAMA Neurol 2021 Nov 1;78(11):1333-1344. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3188. PMID: 34542573Free PMC Article
Chong PF, Torisu H, Yasumoto S, Okumura A, Mori H, Sato T, Kimura J, Ohga S, Tanaka-Taya K, Kira R; Acute Flaccid Myelitis Collaborative Study Investigators
Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Oct;132(10):2456-2463. Epub 2021 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.07.013. PMID: 34454273
Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya S, Laksono BM, van Riel D
Virulence 2021 Dec;12(1):2060-2072. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960106. PMID: 34410208Free PMC Article
Hardy D, Hopkins S
Arch Dis Child 2020 Sep;105(9):842-847. Epub 2020 Feb 10 doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-316817. PMID: 32041735
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP
JAMA Neurol 2019 Mar 1;76(3):301-309. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4053. PMID: 30575890Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Kozlowski J, Linzey JR, Muhlestein WE, Smith BW, Chang KW, Yang LJ
Plast Reconstr Surg 2023 Jan 1;151(1):85e-98e. Epub 2022 Oct 11 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009788. PMID: 36219869
Young M, Goldman-Yassen A, Anderson M, Thakral A, Dutt M, Wolf D, Morris M, Gombolay G
J Neuroimmunol 2022 Oct 15;371:577938. Epub 2022 Aug 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577938. PMID: 35944453Free PMC Article
Gombolay GY, Dutt M, Tyor W
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022 Aug;9(8):1321-1331. Epub 2022 Jul 19 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51628. PMID: 35852423Free PMC Article
Fall A, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Foe-Essomba JR, Tchatchouang S, Amougou Atsama M, Yéngué JF, Kenfack-Momo R, Feudjio AF, Nka AD, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Taya-Fokou JB, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Noura EA, Zemnou-Tepap C, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Kame-Ngasse GI, Nyebe I, Djukouo LG, Kengne Gounmadje L, Tchami Ngongang D, Oyono MG, Demeni Emoh CP, Tazokong HR, Mahamat G, Kengne-Ndé C, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Dia N, La Rosa G, Ndip L, Njouom R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Feb;16(2):e0010073. Epub 2022 Feb 8 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010073. PMID: 35134062Free PMC Article
Texakalidis P, Xenos D, Murthy NK, Karras CL, Trybula SJ, Behbahani M, DeCuypere MG, Lam SK, Alden TD
Childs Nerv Syst 2022 Mar;38(3):521-526. Epub 2022 Jan 4 doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05419-x. PMID: 34982205

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