U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Levator syndrome

MedGen UID:
98071
Concept ID:
C0423738
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Levator ani spasm syndrome; Levator ani syndrome
SNOMED CT: Proctalgia fugax (62647006); Anorectal spasm (62647006); Paroxysmal proctalgia (62647006); Levator syndrome (62647006); Painful spasm of anus (62647006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0023628

Definition

Recurrent episodes of pain localized to the anus or lower rectum which lasts seconds to minutes. There is no pain between episodes. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLevator syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Berman IR, Manning DH, Dudley-Wright K
Dis Colon Rectum 1985 Nov;28(11):816-26. doi: 10.1007/BF02555485. PMID: 4053893
Nicosia JF, Abcarian H
Dis Colon Rectum 1985 Jun;28(6):406-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02560224. PMID: 3874049
MCGIVNEY JQ, CLEVELAND BR
South Med J 1965 Apr;58:505-10. doi: 10.1097/00007611-196504000-00026. PMID: 14276443

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Martínez Franco E, López Negre JL, Parés D, Ros Cerro C, Amat Tardiu L, Cuadras D, Espuña Pons M
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019 Apr;299(4):1001-1006. Epub 2019 Feb 6 doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05070-7. PMID: 30729292
Volløyhaug I, Taithongchai A, Van Gruting I, Sultan A, Thakar R
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Mar;53(3):410-416. Epub 2019 Feb 4 doi: 10.1002/uog.20115. PMID: 30207014
Bouchoucha M, Devroede G, Mary F, Bon C, Airinei G, Bejou B, Benamouzig R
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Feb;29(2):174-180. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000777. PMID: 27824643
Adams K, Gregory WT, Osmundsen B, Clark A
Int Urogynecol J 2013 Oct;24(10):1687-93. Epub 2013 Apr 11 doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2089-8. PMID: 23575699
Zhuang RR, Song YF, Chen ZQ, Ma M, Huang HJ, Chen JH, Li YM
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 Sep;205(3):232.e1-8. Epub 2011 Apr 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.052. PMID: 21620359

Diagnosis

Bunni J, Laugharne MJ
Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023 Feb 2;408(1):75. doi: 10.1007/s00423-023-02755-1. PMID: 36729157
Knowles CH, Cohen RC
Cleve Clin J Med 2022 Jun 1;89(6):336-343. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.89a.21102. PMID: 35649568
Carrington EV, Popa SL, Chiarioni G
Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2020 Jun 9;22(7):35. doi: 10.1007/s11894-020-00768-0. PMID: 32519087
Bharucha AE, Lee TH
Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Oct;91(10):1471-1486. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.011. PMID: 27712641Free PMC Article
Stein SL
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013 Dec;42(4):785-800. Epub 2013 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.08.005. PMID: 24280400

Therapy

Carrington EV, Popa SL, Chiarioni G
Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2020 Jun 9;22(7):35. doi: 10.1007/s11894-020-00768-0. PMID: 32519087
Volløyhaug I, Taithongchai A, Van Gruting I, Sultan A, Thakar R
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Mar;53(3):410-416. Epub 2019 Feb 4 doi: 10.1002/uog.20115. PMID: 30207014
Bolshinsky V, Gurland B, Hull TL, Zutshi M
Tech Coloproctol 2018 Jun;22(6):465-466. Epub 2018 May 31 doi: 10.1007/s10151-018-1801-6. PMID: 29850943
Sheikh M, Kunka CA, Ota KS
Ann Pharmacother 2012 Oct;46(10):e29. Epub 2012 Sep 18 doi: 10.1345/aph.1R144. PMID: 22991133
Zhuang RR, Song YF, Chen ZQ, Ma M, Huang HJ, Chen JH, Li YM
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 Sep;205(3):232.e1-8. Epub 2011 Apr 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.052. PMID: 21620359

Prognosis

Narayanan SP, Bharucha AE
Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019 Apr 23;21(5):21. doi: 10.1007/s11894-019-0688-3. PMID: 31016468
García-Mejido JA, de la Fuente-Vaquero P, Aquise-Pino A, Castro-Portillo L, Fernández-Palacín A, Sainz-Bueno JA
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019 Oct;32(19):3137-3144. Epub 2018 Apr 18 doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1457642. PMID: 29577793
Bibi S, Zutshi M, Gurland B, Hull T
Postgrad Med 2016 Jan;128(1):41-5. Epub 2015 Aug 26 doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1081047. PMID: 26308909
Berger MB, Doumouchtsis SK, Delancey JO
Int Urogynecol J 2013 Aug;24(8):1377-83. Epub 2013 Jan 10 doi: 10.1007/s00192-012-2028-0. PMID: 23306771Free PMC Article
Oliver GC, Rubin RJ, Salvati EP, Eisenstat TE
Dis Colon Rectum 1985 Sep;28(9):662-3. doi: 10.1007/BF02553445. PMID: 3876921

Clinical prediction guides

Narayanan SP, Bharucha AE
Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019 Apr 23;21(5):21. doi: 10.1007/s11894-019-0688-3. PMID: 31016468
Martínez Franco E, López Negre JL, Parés D, Ros Cerro C, Amat Tardiu L, Cuadras D, Espuña Pons M
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019 Apr;299(4):1001-1006. Epub 2019 Feb 6 doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05070-7. PMID: 30729292
Volløyhaug I, Taithongchai A, Van Gruting I, Sultan A, Thakar R
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Mar;53(3):410-416. Epub 2019 Feb 4 doi: 10.1002/uog.20115. PMID: 30207014
Bouchoucha M, Devroede G, Mary F, Bon C, Airinei G, Bejou B, Benamouzig R
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Feb;29(2):174-180. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000777. PMID: 27824643
Adams K, Gregory WT, Osmundsen B, Clark A
Int Urogynecol J 2013 Oct;24(10):1687-93. Epub 2013 Apr 11 doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2089-8. PMID: 23575699

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...