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Mesomelic dwarfism, Nievergelt type

MedGen UID:
98478
Concept ID:
C0432231
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Nievergelt syndrome; Nievergelt's syndrome; Radioulnar synostosis and a typical rhomboid shape of the tibia and fibula
SNOMED CT: Nievergelt syndrome (33979003); Mesomelic dysplasia - Nievergelt type (33979003); Nievergelt's syndrome (33979003); Nievergelt-Erb syndrome (33979003)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0008098
OMIM®: 163400
Orphanet: ORPHA2633

Definition

A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by severe mesomelic shortness particularly of the lower limbs with distinctive triangular or rhomboid-shaped tibiae and fibulae, accompanied by bony protuberances and skin dimples. Additional manifestations include radioulnar synostosis, dislocation of the radial head, abnormalities of the hands (such as oligosyndactyly or fusiform-shaped fingers) and feet (pes equinovarus, synostoses of tarsals/metatarsals and phalanges), and dysmorphic facial features. [from ORDO]

Clinical features

From HPO
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Mesomelia
MedGen UID:
107808
Concept ID:
C0549306
Congenital Abnormality
Shortening of the middle parts of the limbs (forearm and lower leg) in relation to the upper and terminal segments.
Genu valgum
MedGen UID:
154364
Concept ID:
C0576093
Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Pes cavus
MedGen UID:
675590
Concept ID:
C0728829
Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Metatarsus adductus
MedGen UID:
898667
Concept ID:
C4082169
Anatomical Abnormality
The metatarsals are deviated medially (tibially), that is, the bones in the front half of the foot bend or turn in toward the body.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Mesomelic short stature
MedGen UID:
340834
Concept ID:
C1855274
Finding
A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by disproportionate shortening of the medial parts of the extremities (forearm or lower leg).
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Radial head subluxation
MedGen UID:
56213
Concept ID:
C0149977
Injury or Poisoning
Partial dislocation of the head of the radius.
Radioulnar synostosis
MedGen UID:
57861
Concept ID:
C0158761
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna.
Tarsal synostosis
MedGen UID:
539393
Concept ID:
C0265654
Congenital Abnormality
Synostosis (bony fusion) involving one or more bones of the tarsus (calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiiform bones).
Metatarsal synostosis
MedGen UID:
349573
Concept ID:
C1862697
Finding
Abnormality of the face
MedGen UID:
871375
Concept ID:
C4025871
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the face.
Skin dimple
MedGen UID:
661955
Concept ID:
C0578531
Finding
Skin dimples are cutaneous indentations that are the result of tethering of the skin to underlying structures (bone) causing an indentation.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMesomelic dwarfism, Nievergelt type
Follow this link to review classifications for Mesomelic dwarfism, Nievergelt type in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Diagnosis

Merchant R, Bhatt N, Merchant M
J Foot Ankle Surg 2015 Nov-Dec;54(6):1162-5. Epub 2015 Mar 20 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.12.021. PMID: 25799911
Urban M, Krüger S
Am J Med Genet 1998 Mar 5;76(2):145-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980305)76:2<145::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-s. PMID: 9511977
Vasil M, Baxova A, Kozlowski K
Am J Med Genet 1997 May 2;70(1):48-51. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970502)70:1<48::aid-ajmg10>3.0.co;2-x. PMID: 9129741
Petrella R, Ludman MD, Rabinowitz JG, Gilbert F, Hirschhorn K
Am J Med Genet 1990 Sep;37(1):10-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370104. PMID: 2240023
Young LW, Wood BP
Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1974;10(5):81-6. PMID: 4469999

Prognosis

Tüysüz B, Zeybek C, Zorer G, Sipahi O, Ungür S
Am J Med Genet 2002 May 1;109(3):206-10. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10283. PMID: 11977180

Clinical prediction guides

Burnstein MI, De Smet AA, Breed AL, Thomas JR, Hafez GR
Skeletal Radiol 1989;18(2):121-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00350660. PMID: 2717950

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