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ACTR3 actin related protein 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10096, updated on 7-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ACTR3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
actin related protein 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:170
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000115091 MIM:604222; AllianceGenome:HGNC:170
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ARP3
Summary
The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in lymph node (RPKM 65.6), appendix (RPKM 59.7) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
2q14.1
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (113889934..113962596)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (114314590..114387240)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (114647511..114720173)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ACTR3 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11887 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906071 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16428 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16429 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16430 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:114647589-114648244 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16431 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16432 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16433 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11890 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10480 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1191 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16434 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11891 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2992 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U3

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Partial loss of actin nucleator actin-related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes. Obeidy P, et al. Immunol Cell Biol, 2020 Feb. PMID 31698518, Free PMC Article
  2. ARP3 promotes tumor metastasis and predicts a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lv J, et al. Pathol Res Pract, 2018 Sep. PMID 30049513
  3. Loss of Arp2/3 induces an NF-κB-dependent, nonautonomous effect on chemotactic signaling. Wu C, et al. J Cell Biol, 2013 Dec 23. PMID 24344184, Free PMC Article
  4. Host cell entry by apicomplexa parasites requires actin polymerization in the host cell. Gonzalez V, et al. Cell Host Microbe, 2009 Mar 19. PMID 19286135
  5. Actin binding to the central domain of WASP/Scar proteins plays a critical role in the activation of the Arp2/3 complex. Kelly AE, et al. J Biol Chem, 2006 Apr 14. PMID 16403731, Free PMC Article

See all (206) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Transition State of Arp2/3 Complex Activation by Actin-Bound Dimeric Nucleation-Promoting Factor.
    Title: Transition State of Arp2/3 Complex Activation by Actin-Bound Dimeric Nucleation-Promoting Factor.
  2. ARPC5 isoforms and their regulation by calcium-calmodulin-N-WASP drive distinct Arp2/3-dependent actin remodeling events in CD4 T cells.
    Title: ARPC5 isoforms and their regulation by calcium-calmodulin-N-WASP drive distinct Arp2/3-dependent actin remodeling events in CD4 T cells.
  3. Proline-rich 11 (PRR11) drives F-actin assembly by recruiting the actin-related protein 2/3 complex in human non-small cell lung carcinoma.
    Title: Proline-rich 11 (PRR11) drives F-actin assembly by recruiting the actin-related protein 2/3 complex in human non-small cell lung carcinoma.
  4. Partial loss of actin nucleator actin-related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes.
    Title: Partial loss of actin nucleator actin-related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes.
  5. Overall, the authors demonstrate the active role of the Arp2/3 complex and WIPF2 in mediating the internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia into human airway epithelial cells.
    Title: Phagocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus by Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by the Arp2/3 Complex and WIPF2.
  6. Proteins involved in actin-filament-based processes, specifically CDC42 and members of the ARP2/3 complex are crucial for establishment of Japanese encephalitis virus infection.
    Title: Membrane trafficking RNA interference screen identifies a crucial role of the clathrin endocytic pathway and ARP2/3 complex for Japanese encephalitis virus infection in HeLa cells.
  7. Collectively, our results demonstrate that palladin can functionally replace the Arp2/3 complex during bacterial actin-based cellular entry and intracellular motility of Listeria monocytogenes.
    Title: Palladin Compensates for the Arp2/3 Complex and Supports Actin Structures during Listeria Infections.
  8. we conclude that ARP3 may be a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma
    Title: ARP3 promotes tumor metastasis and predicts a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  9. RARalpha regulates Arp2/3-mediated actin cytoskeletal dynamics through a non-genomic signaling pathway
    Title: Non-genomic activities of retinoic acid receptor alpha control actin cytoskeletal events in human platelets.
  10. evidence of a direct protein-protein interaction between PKD2 and Arp2/3
    Title: Protein Interaction Network of Human Protein Kinase D2 Revealed by Chemical Cross-Linking/Mass Spectrometry.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (50)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide meta-analysis of systolic blood pressure in children with sickle cell disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
HIV-1 VLP production/release from Jurkat T lymphocytes requires an intact RAC1-WASF2-BAIAP2-ARP3 pathway as demonstrated by siRNA knockdown experiments PubMed
Knockdown of ARP3 by shRNA inhibits HIV-1 infection in CEM-SS cells PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Downregulation of the Wave2 signaling complex (Tiam-1, Abl, Rac, IRSp53, Wave2, and Arp3) with siRNA reduces HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion PubMed
Pr55(Gag) gag HIV-1 Gag is required by RAC1-WASF2-BAIAP2-ARP3 pathway for HIV VLP production/release from Jurkat T lymphocytes PubMed
Tat tat Expression of HIV-1 Tat upregulates the abundance of ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog (ACTR3) in the nucleoli of Jurkat T-cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
contributes_to actin filament binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
contributes_to actin filament binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables structural constituent of cytoskeleton IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in actin polymerization-dependent cell motility TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in asymmetric cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cilium assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in meiotic cytokinesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in spindle localization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of Arp2/3 protein complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of Arp2/3 protein complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of Arp2/3 protein complex TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in actin cytoskeleton TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in brush border IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cell-cell junction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
located_in lamellipodium IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in site of double-strand break ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
actin-related protein 3
Names
ARP3 actin related protein 3 homolog
actin-like protein 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001277140.1 → NP_001264069.1  actin-related protein 3 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001264069.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate first exon compared to variant 1, resulting in translation initiation at a downstream AUG and an isoform (2) that is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC110769, AI521063, AK316396
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS63000.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DXW1, Q59FV6
    Related
    ENSP00000444987.1, ENST00000535589.3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PTZ00280
    Location:2 → 366
    PTZ00280; Actin-related protein 3; Provisional

  2. NM_005721.5 → NP_005712.1  actin-related protein 3 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005712.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC110769, AI521063, BC044590, DB453995
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS33277.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P32391, P61158, Q53QM2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q59FV6
    Related
    ENSP00000263238.2, ENST00000263238.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PTZ00280
    Location:2 → 417
    PTZ00280; Actin-related protein 3; Provisional

RNA

  1. NR_102318.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate coding exon compared to variant 1, that causes a frameshift. This variant is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC110769, AI521063, AK300030, BC044590, DB453995

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    113889934..113962596
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    114314590..114387240
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P61158.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P61158

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
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