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Hr lysine demethylase and nuclear receptor corepressor [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 15460, updated on 14-May-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Hrprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
lysine demethylase and nuclear receptor corepressorprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:96223
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000022096 AllianceGenome:MGI:96223
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
hr; bldy; ALUNC; rh-bmh
Summary
This gene encodes a protein that is involved in hair growth. This protein functions as a transcriptional corepressor of multiple nuclear receptors, including thyroid hormone receptor, the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors and the vitamin D receptors, and it interacts with histone deacetylases. The translation of this protein is modulated by a regulatory ORF that exists upstream of the primary ORF. Mutations in this upstream ORF, U2HR, cause Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis (MUHH), an autosomal dominant form of genetic hair loss in human. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Expression
Broad expression in stomach adult (RPKM 14.5), cerebellum adult (RPKM 12.9) and 18 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
14 D2; 14 36.32 cM
Exon count:
23
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 14 NC_000080.7 (70789644..70810988)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 14 NC_000080.6 (70554056..70573548)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000080.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 3 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7333 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E1901 Neighboring gene receptor accessory protein 4 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E8570 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 53866 Neighboring gene nudix hydrolase 18

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Protective effects of an electrophilic metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid on UVB-induced oxidative cell death, dermatitis, and carcinogenesis. Kim SH, et al. Redox Biol, 2023 Jun. PMID 36934646, Free PMC Article
  2. Hairless regulates heterochromatin maintenance and muscle stem cell function as a histone demethylase antagonist. Liu L, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021 Sep 14. PMID 34493660, Free PMC Article
  3. Investigation into the use of histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 as a topical agent for the prevention and treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in an SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Kalin JH, et al. PLoS One, 2019. PMID 30865688, Free PMC Article
  4. Retinoic acid co-treatment aggravates severity of dioxin-induced skin lesions in hairless mice via induction of inflammatory response. Rudyak SG, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018 Dec 2. PMID 30389142
  5. A Hexokinase 2 Modulator for Field-Directed Treatment of Experimental Actinic Keratoses. Behar V, et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2018 Dec. PMID 29908149

See all (243) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. These findings suggest that Hr mRNA expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level via IRES-mediated translation control through interaction with PCPB2, but not in MUHH.
    Title: Poly(rC) binding protein 2 acts as a negative regulator of IRES-mediated translation of Hr mRNA.
  2. Changes in the expression of Hr result in hair loss or regrowth.
    Title: Transgenic mice display hair loss and regrowth overexpressing mutant Hr gene.
  3. hypomorphic mutation essential for the full development of diet-induced pruritic atopic skin
    Title: Hypomorphic mutation in the hairless gene accelerates pruritic atopic skin caused by feeding a special diet to mice.
  4. This study examinedthe uncommon phenotype and using microarray analyses and functional studies, we found that beta-catenin was mediated by Hr. Progenitor keratinocytes from the bulge region differentiate into both epidermis and sebaceous glands, and fail to adopt the hair keratinocytes fate in the mutant scalp, due to the decreased Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the absence of the hairless protein.
    Title: Hairless controls hair fate decision via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
  5. the putrescine-HR negative regulatory loop may have a large impact on epidermal homeostasis and hair follicle cycling
    Title: Hairless and the polyamine putrescine form a negative regulatory loop in the epidermis.
  6. HR regulates expression of genes in the MSX2 regulatory pathway, which explains abnormal hair follicle formation in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) skin.
    Title: Hairless down-regulates expression of Msx2 and its related target genes in hair follicles.
  7. Mutation within mouse hr protein leads to phenotype of hairlessness.
    Title: Zygosity determination in hairless mice by PCR based on Hr(hr) gene analysis.
  8. Hairless is required for adipocyte differentiation.
    Title: Hairless promotes PPARγ expression and is required for white adipogenesis.
  9. Hr loss results in a state of uncontrolled epidermal proliferation that promotes tumor development, and Hr mutant mice should no longer be considered merely hairless 'wild-type' mice
    Title: Loss of hairless confers susceptibility to UVB-induced tumorigenesis via disruption of NF-kappaB signaling.
  10. regulation of Dlx3 by HR affects the IRS keratin expression, thus modulating the formation of IRS of hair follicle.
    Title: Hairless plays a role in formation of inner root sheath via regulation of Dlx3 gene.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables chromatin DNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables histone H3K9 demethylase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables histone deacetylase binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables nuclear thyroid hormone receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables nuclear vitamin D receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-containing complex binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables transcription coregulator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables transcription corepressor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription corepressor activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of chromatin IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of histone deacetylase complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of histone deacetylase complex ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in nuclear body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
lysine-specific demethylase hairless
Names
[histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine(9) demethylase hairless
hairless
protein hairless
NP_001366408.1
NP_001411402.1
NP_001411403.1
NP_068677.2
XP_036014366.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001379479.1 → NP_001366408.1  lysine-specific demethylase hairless

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC122268
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q61645, Q80Y47
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4QY90
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000124816.2, ENSMUST00000161069.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl40423
    Location:1088 → 1133
    cupin_RmlC-like; RmlC-like cupin superfamily

  2. NM_001424473.1 → NP_001411402.1  lysine-specific demethylase hairless

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC122268
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q61645, Q80Y47

  3. NM_001424474.1 → NP_001411403.1  lysine-specific demethylase hairless

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC122268
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q61645, Q80Y47

  4. NM_021877.3 → NP_068677.2  lysine-specific demethylase hairless

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_068677.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    BC023043, BC049182
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS27257.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q61645, Q80Y47
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4QY90
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000022691.8, ENSMUST00000022691.14
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl40423
    Location:1088 → 1133
    cupin_RmlC-like; RmlC-like cupin superfamily

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000080.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    70789644..70810988
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_036158473.1 → XP_036014366.1  lysine-specific demethylase hairless isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q61645, Q80Y47
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4QY90
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl40423
    Location:1088 → 1133
    cupin_RmlC-like; RmlC-like cupin superfamily
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q61645.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q61645

Gene LinkOut

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