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ACR acrosin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 49, updated on 4-Jan-2025

Summary

Official Symbol
ACRprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
acrosinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:126
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000100312 MIM:102480; AllianceGenome:HGNC:126
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
SPGF87
Summary
Acrosin is the major proteinase present in the acrosome of mature spermatozoa. It is a typical serine proteinase with trypsin-like specificity. It is stored in the acrosome in its precursor form, proacrosin. The active enzyme functions in the lysis of the zona pellucida, thus facilitating penetration of the sperm through the innermost glycoprotein layers of the ovum. The mRNA for proacrosin is synthesized only in the postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. In humans proacrosin first appears in the haploid spermatids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Restricted expression toward testis (RPKM 44.8) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See ACR in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
22q13.33
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 22 NC_000022.11 (50738204..50745339)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 22 NC_060946.1 (51251783..51258912)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 22 NC_000022.10 (51176632..51183767)

Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:51133481-51133981 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 409, pseudogene Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr22:51142004-51143203 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:51143385-51144035 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19333 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373100 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:51178129-51178925 Neighboring gene SNRPA1 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 82 Neighboring gene RAB, member of RAS oncogene family like 2B Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14005

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Spermatogenic failure 87
MedGen: C5882687 OMIM: 620500 GeneReviews: Not available
not available

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

General gene information

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables D-mannose binding PubMed 
enables DNA binding PubMed 
enables amidase activity  
enables copper ion binding PubMed 
enables fucose binding  
enables protease binding  
enables protein binding PubMed 
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity  
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity PubMed 
enables serine-type peptidase activity  
enables zinc ion binding PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in acrosome matrix dispersal PubMed 
involved_in acrosome reaction  
involved_in acrosome reaction PubMed 
involved_in acrosome reaction  
involved_in activation of adenylate cyclase activity PubMed 
involved_in binding of sperm to zona pellucida  
involved_in penetration of zona pellucida  
involved_in response to steroid hormone  
involved_in single fertilization  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi-associated vesicle  
located_in acrosomal matrix PubMed 
located_in extracellular region  
located_in nucleus PubMed 
part_of protein-containing complex PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
acrosin
Names
acrosin light and heavy chain prepropeptide
preproacrosin
proacrosin
NP_001088.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001097.3NP_001088.2  acrosin precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001088.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC000036, AC002056, CR456366, DB054152, Y00970
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14101.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P10323, Q6ICK2
    Related
    ENSP00000216139.5, ENST00000216139.10
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00020
    Location:42285
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
    cd00190
    Location:43288
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000022.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    50738204..50745339
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

Genomic

  1. NW_015148969.2 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Range
    74324..81453
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060946.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    51251783..51258912
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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