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PENK proenkephalin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5179, updated on 4-Jan-2025

Summary

Official Symbol
PENKprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
proenkephalinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8831
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000181195 MIM:131330; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8831
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PE; PENK-A
Summary
This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the pentapeptide opioids Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin, which are stored in synaptic vesicles, then released into the synapse where they bind to mu- and delta-opioid receptors to modulate the perception of pain. Other non-opioid cleavage products may function in distinct biological activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
Expression
Biased expression in adrenal (RPKM 200.5), testis (RPKM 60.4) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See PENK in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
8q12.1
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 8 NC_000008.11 (56440957..56446641, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 8 NC_060932.1 (56818203..56823883, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 8 NC_000008.10 (57353516..57359200, complement)

Chromosome 8 - NC_000008.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375849 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr8:57327640-57328140 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr8:57328141-57328641 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901948 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr8:57357971-57358862 Neighboring gene PENK antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene septin 10 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101929398

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

General gene information

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables neuropeptide hormone activity PubMed 
enables opioid peptide activity  
enables opioid peptide activity  
enables opioid receptor binding  
enables opioid receptor binding  
enables protein binding PubMed 
Items 1 - 25 of 32
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway  
involved_in aggressive behavior  
involved_in behavioral fear response  
involved_in cellular response to cAMP  
involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress  
involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus  
involved_in cellular response to virus  
involved_in cellular response to vitamin D  
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission  
involved_in general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process  
involved_in glial cell proliferation  
involved_in locomotory exploration behavior  
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway  
involved_in osteoblast differentiation  
involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response  
involved_in regulation of long-term synaptic depression  
involved_in response to calcium ion  
involved_in response to epinephrine  
involved_in response to estradiol  
involved_in response to ethanol  
involved_in response to hypoxia  
involved_in response to immobilization stress  
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide  
involved_in response to nicotine  
involved_in response to toxic substance  
involved_in sensory perception  
involved_in sensory perception of pain  
involved_in signal transduction  
involved_in signal transduction PubMed 
involved_in startle response  
involved_in synaptic signaling via neuropeptide  
involved_in transmission of nerve impulse  
Items 1 - 25 of 32
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in axon terminus  
located_in cell body fiber  
located_in chromaffin granule lumen  
is_active_in dendrite  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen  
located_in extracellular region  
is_active_in neuronal cell body  
located_in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen  
located_in perikaryon  
is_active_in plasma membrane  
located_in symmetric synapse  
located_in synaptic vesicle lumen  

General protein information

Preferred Names
proenkephalin-A
Names
enkephalin A
peptide F
preproenkephalin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001135690.3NP_001129162.1  proenkephalin-A preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001129162.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK314908, BI496610
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS6168.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC23, P01210, Q6FHC6, Q6FHE6
    Related
    ENSP00000400894.2, ENST00000451791.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:2570
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000008.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    56440957..56446641 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060932.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    56818203..56823883 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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