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QARS1 glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5859, updated on 4-Jan-2025

Summary

Official Symbol
QARS1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9751
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000172053 MIM:603727; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9751
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
QARS; GLNRS; MSCCA; PRO2195
Summary
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. In metazoans, 9 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific for glutamine (gln), glutamic acid (glu), and 7 other amino acids are associated within a multienzyme complex. Although present in eukaryotes, glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (QARS) is absent from many prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in which Gln-tRNA(Gln) is formed by transamidation of the misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln). Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in colon (RPKM 48.6), skin (RPKM 46.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See QARS1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3p21.31
Exon count:
24
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (49095932..49104757, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (49124001..49132830, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (49133365..49142190, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14352 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49065964-49066566 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49066567-49067168 Neighboring gene inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 Neighboring gene glutamine rich 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49097169-49097668 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 182, pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49130628-49131140 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14353 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19851 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19852 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49137787-49138287 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49140762-49141412 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19853 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19854 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49142715-49143364 Neighboring gene microRNA 6890 Neighboring gene ubiquitin specific peptidase 19 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49157555-49158544 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49158545-49159533 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19855 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49165495-49166412 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:49168941-49169756 Neighboring gene laminin subunit beta 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909377

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Pr55(Gag) gag Interaction of HIV-1 Gag with glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (QARS) is identified in a series of six affinity purification/mass spectrometry screens PubMed
matrix gag HIV-1 MA is identified to have a physical interaction with glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (QARS) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

General gene information

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding  
enables glutamine-tRNA ligase activity  
enables glutamine-tRNA ligase activity PubMed 
enables glutamine-tRNA ligase activity  
enables protein binding PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding PubMed 
enables protein kinase inhibitor activity PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex  
part_of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm PubMed 
is_active_in cytosol  
located_in cytosol PubMed 
located_in cytosol  
located_in mitochondrial matrix  
part_of protein-containing complex PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
glutamine--tRNA ligase
Names
glutamine-tRNA synthetase
NP_001259002.1
NP_005042.1
XP_016862454.2
XP_054203387.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_042312.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5373..14198
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001272073.2NP_001259002.1  glutamine--tRNA ligase isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259002.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK301559, BC000394
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS63633.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3A8
    Related
    ENSP00000390015.1, ENST00000414533.5
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    PLN02859
    Location:6763
    PLN02859; glutamine-tRNA ligase
    cd00807
    Location:252556
    GlnRS_core; catalytic core domain of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase
    pfam03950
    Location:554741
    tRNA-synt_1c_C; tRNA synthetases class I (E and Q), anti-codon binding domain
    pfam04557
    Location:154245
    tRNA_synt_1c_R2; Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, non-specific RNA binding region part 2
    pfam04558
    Location:10151
    tRNA_synt_1c_R1; Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, non-specific RNA binding region part 1
  2. NM_005051.3NP_005042.1  glutamine--tRNA ligase isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005042.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC000394, BM560535
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2788.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DWJ2, P47897
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3A8
    Related
    ENSP00000307567.6, ENST00000306125.12
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    PLN02859
    Location:6774
    PLN02859; glutamine-tRNA ligase
    cd00807
    Location:263567
    GlnRS_core; catalytic core domain of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase
    pfam03950
    Location:565752
    tRNA-synt_1c_C; tRNA synthetases class I (E and Q), anti-codon binding domain
    pfam04557
    Location:165256
    tRNA_synt_1c_R2; Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, non-specific RNA binding region part 2
    pfam04558
    Location:10162
    tRNA_synt_1c_R1; Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, non-specific RNA binding region part 1

RNA

  1. NR_073590.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate splice site in an internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK056815, BC000394, BC001567
    Related
    ENST00000430182.5

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    49095932..49104757 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017006965.3XP_016862454.2  glutamine--tRNA ligase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3A8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl27212
    Location:6732
    GlnS; Glutamyl- or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis]

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    49124001..49132830 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054347412.1XP_054203387.1  glutamine--tRNA ligase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3A8
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