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TGM4 transglutaminase 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 7047, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
TGM4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
transglutaminase 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11780
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000163810 MIM:600585; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11780
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
TGP; hTGP
Summary
Predicted to enable protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in peptide cross-linking. Predicted to act upstream of or within mating plug formation. Located in Golgi apparatus and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Restricted expression toward prostate (RPKM 891.0) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
3p21.31
Exon count:
15
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (44874608..44914990)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (44890333..44930718)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (44916100..44956482)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene kinesin family member 15 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19772 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14273 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14274 Neighboring gene microRNA 564 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 42 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44925386-44926063 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3821 Neighboring gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A pseudogene 18 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44940040-44940581 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44975255-44976082 Neighboring gene zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 3 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44981025-44981526 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44981527-44982026 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 44 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:45000471-45001670 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:45016646-45017190 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14275 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14276 Neighboring gene exosome component 7 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19773

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer. Ye L, et al. Anticancer Res, 2023 Jan. PMID 36585193
  2. Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4. Csobán-Szabó Z, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Nov 18. PMID 34830327, Free PMC Article
  3. Multi-omics Biomarker Pipeline Reveals Elevated Levels of Protein-glutamine Gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 in Seminal Plasma of Prostate Cancer Patients. Drabovich AP, et al. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2019 Sep. PMID 31249104, Free PMC Article
  4. Overexpression of transglutaminase 4 and prostate cancer progression: a potential predictor of less favourable outcomes. Cao Z, et al. Asian J Androl, 2013 Nov. PMID 23974364, Free PMC Article
  5. Differential alternative splicing of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Cho SY, et al. Exp Mol Med, 2010 Apr 30. PMID 20177144, Free PMC Article

See all (32) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.
    Title: Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.
  2. Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4.
    Title: Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4.
  3. TGM4 is elevated in the seminal plasma of prostate cancer patients.
    Title: Multi-omics Biomarker Pipeline Reveals Elevated Levels of Protein-glutamine Gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 in Seminal Plasma of Prostate Cancer Patients.
  4. TGM4 is a prostatic secretory molecule with critical role in male reproduction.
    Title: Transglutaminase 4 as a prostate autoantigen in male subfertility.
  5. indicated that transglutaminase 4 may serve as a potential predictor of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
    Title: Overexpression of transglutaminase 4 and prostate cancer progression: a potential predictor of less favourable outcomes.
  6. Evidence that the retinoic acid receptor gamma plays a major role in the regulation of the hTGP gene and that presence of the androgen receptor, but not its transcriptional transactivation activity, is critical for hTGP transcription.
    Title: Retinoic acid and androgen receptors combine to achieve tissue specific control of human prostatic transglutaminase expression: a novel regulatory network with broader significance.
  7. CDKN2A, GATA3, CREBBP, ITGA2, NBL1 and TGM4 were down-regulated in the prostate carcinoma glands compared to the corresponding normal glands
    Title: Analysis of laser-microdissected prostate cancer tissues reveals potential tumor markers.
  8. The presence of TGase-4 has a biological impact on a prostate cancer cell's response to MDA-7.
    Title: Prostate transglutaminase (TGase-4) antagonizes the anti-tumour action of MDA-7/IL-24 in prostate cancer.
  9. TGase-4 expression is intrinsically linked to the activation of RON in prostate cancer cells and that this autoactivation of RON contributes to the increased cell motility in TGase-4 expressing cells.
    Title: The prostate transglutaminase, TGase-4, coordinates with the HGFL/MSP-RON system in stimulating the migration of prostate cancer cells.
  10. The expression status of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer was analyzed.
    Title: Differential alternative splicing of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study identifies three novel susceptibility loci for severe Acne vulgaris.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Cyclosporin (CsA) treatment prevents gp120-dependent induction of apoptosis by blocking the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent effector elements such as transglutaminase (TG) proteins PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env The HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 is an amino acceptor and donor substrate for transglutaminase in vitro; soluble CD4 can block the transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of the polyamine spermidine into HIV-1 gp41 PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ26776

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in peptide cross-linking IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4
Names
TG(P)
TGase P
TGase-4
fibrinoligase
prostate transglutaminase
prostate-specific transglutaminase
transglutaminase 4 (prostate)
transglutaminase P
NP_003232.2
XP_011532344.1
XP_054187531.1
XP_054203640.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_003241.4 → NP_003232.2  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003232.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC098649, BC007003, BF678064, DA870110, L34840
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2723.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P49221, Q16707, Q96QN4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7D1
    Related
    ENSP00000296125.4, ENST00000296125.9
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00460
    Location:263 → 353
    TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues
    COG1305
    Location:266 → 353
    YebA; Transglutaminase-like enzyme, putative cysteine protease [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
    pfam00868
    Location:9 → 122
    Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family
    pfam00927
    Location:587 → 684
    Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    44874608..44914990
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011534042.3 → XP_011532344.1  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011532344.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A994J576, B2R7D1
    Related
    ENSP00000516167.1, ENST00000705784.1
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00460
    Location:308 → 398
    TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues
    COG1305
    Location:311 → 398
    YebA; Transglutaminase-like enzyme, putative cysteine protease [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
    pfam00868
    Location:54 → 167
    Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family
    pfam00927
    Location:632 → 729
    Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain

Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

Genomic

  1. NW_009646197.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Range
    399958..440340
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054331556.1 → XP_054187531.1  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A994J576

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    44890333..44930718
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054347665.1 → XP_054203640.1  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A994J576
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P49221.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P49221

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