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Apex2 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 77622, updated on 30-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Apex2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:1924872
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000025269 AllianceGenome:MGI:1924872
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
ape2; C430040P13Rik
Summary
Predicted to enable DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity; double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity; and phosphoric diester hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in base-excision repair. Predicted to act upstream of or within DNA recombination and DNA repair. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and nucleus. Orthologous to human APEX2 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in liver E14.5 (RPKM 5.0), liver E14 (RPKM 4.2) and 28 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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See Apex2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
X F3; X 68.46 cM
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (149286625..149371175, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (150426974..150588206, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene methylphosphate capping enzyme pseudogene Neighboring gene VCP nuclear cofactor family member 2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chrX:146893310-146893611 Neighboring gene zinc finger CCCH type containing 14 pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_48069 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_48070 Neighboring gene microRNA 3620 Neighboring gene Alas2R1 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, erythroid Neighboring gene Alas2R3 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 Neighboring gene trophinin Neighboring gene voltage-dependent anion channel 1 pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Apex nuclease) 2 has the potential to protect against down-regulation of chondrocyte activity in osteoarthritis. Yui N, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2014 Aug 25. PMID 25158232, Free PMC Article
  2. Apex2 is required for efficient somatic hypermutation but not for class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. Sabouri Z, et al. Int Immunol, 2009 Aug. PMID 19556307
  3. Altered gene expression profiles and higher frequency of spontaneous DNA strand breaks in APEX2-null thymus. Dan Y, et al. DNA Repair (Amst), 2008 Sep 1. PMID 18585982
  4. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 regulates the expansion of germinal centers by protecting against activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent DNA damage in B cells. Guikema JE, et al. J Immunol, 2014 Jul 15. PMID 24935922, Free PMC Article
  5. APE1- and APE2-dependent DNA breaks in immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Guikema JE, et al. J Exp Med, 2007 Nov 26. PMID 18025127, Free PMC Article

See all (28) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. APE2 Promotes AID-Dependent Somatic Hypermutation in Primary B Cell Cultures That Is Suppressed by APE1.
    Title: APE2 Promotes AID-Dependent Somatic Hypermutation in Primary B Cell Cultures That Is Suppressed by APE1.
  2. Subcellular proteomics of dopamine neurons in the mouse brain.
    Title: Subcellular proteomics of dopamine neurons in the mouse brain.
  3. expression of Apex 2 in chondrocytes appears to be associated with the degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis.
    Title: The DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Apex nuclease) 2 has the potential to protect against down-regulation of chondrocyte activity in osteoarthritis.
  4. Results indicate a role for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) 2 (Apex2) in the protection of germinal center (GC) cells from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-independent damage.
    Title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 regulates the expansion of germinal centers by protecting against activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent DNA damage in B cells.
  5. data provide new insight into error-prone repair of AID-induced lesions, which we propose is facilitated by down-regulation of APE1 and up-regulation of APE2 expression in germinal center B cells.
    Title: Differential expression of APE1 and APE2 in germinal centers promotes error-prone repair and A:T mutations during somatic hypermutation.
  6. Extensive analysis of bone marrow hematopoiesis in APE2-deficient mice finds inhibition of the pro-B to pre-B lymphocyte transition, due to a p53-dependent DNA damage response, independent from its ubiquitous and essential homolog APE1.
    Title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 is necessary for normal B cell development and recovery of lymphoid progenitors after chemotherapeutic challenge.
  7. Apex2 is required for efficient somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes.
    Title: Apex2 is required for efficient somatic hypermutation but not for class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes.
  8. The present study clearly demonstrates that APEX2-null lymphocytes have a higher frequency of DNA breaks, indicating that APEX2 may play an important role(s) during their generation and/or repair.
    Title: Altered gene expression profiles and higher frequency of spontaneous DNA strand breaks in APEX2-null thymus.
  9. Both APE1 and APE2 function in antibody switch recomibination, resulting in double stranded breaks necesary for this recombination.
    Title: APE1- and APE2-dependent DNA breaks in immunoglobulin class switch recombination.
  10. APEX2 is required for proper cell cycle progression of proliferating lymphocytes.
    Title: Growth retardation and dyslymphopoiesis accompanied by G2/M arrest in APEX2-null mice.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 
  • Targeted (1)  1 citation

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables catalytic activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables endonuclease activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables exonuclease activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables hydrolase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables nuclease activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables phosphoric diester hydrolase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables zinc ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA damage response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA recombination IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA repair IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in DNA repair IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in base-excision repair IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell cycle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in fibrillar center ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2
Names
AP endonuclease 2
APEX nuclease 2
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase 2
NP_084219.1
XP_006529054.1
XP_011246181.1
XP_030107378.1
XP_036018008.1
XP_036018009.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_029943.3 → NP_084219.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_084219.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL672150
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS30463.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q68G58, Q8BJP7, Q8BTR7, Q8BUZ2, Q8BYE9, Q8R018, Q8R328, Q9CS12
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2AFM3
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000026303.10, ENSMUST00000026303.16
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd09088
    Location:3 → 310
    Ape2-like_AP-endo; Human Ape2-like subfamily of the ExoIII family purinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases
    pfam06839
    Location:463 → 512
    zf-GRF; GRF zinc finger

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    149286625..149371175 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_030251518.2 → XP_030107378.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F7CPY7
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000108345.2, ENSMUST00000112725.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00490
    Location:3 → 222
    EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

  2. XM_036162115.1 → XP_036018008.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F7CPY7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00490
    Location:3 → 223
    EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

  3. XM_036162116.1 → XP_036018009.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2AFM5
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000108339.2, ENSMUST00000112719.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00490
    Location:3 → 213
    EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

  4. XM_011247879.4 → XP_011246181.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F7CPY7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00490
    Location:3 → 223
    EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

  5. XM_006528991.4 → XP_006529054.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q68G58, Q8BJP7, Q8BTR7, Q8BUZ2, Q8BYE9, Q8R018, Q8R328, Q9CS12
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd09088
    Location:3 → 320
    Ape2-like_AP-endo; Human Ape2-like subfamily of the ExoIII family purinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases
    pfam06839
    Location:473 → 522
    zf-GRF; GRF zinc finger

RNA

  1. XR_878269.4 RNA Sequence

  2. XR_878270.4 RNA Sequence

Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q68G58.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q68G58

Gene LinkOut

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