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Exophoria

MedGen UID:
101827
Concept ID:
C0152217
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: X - Exophoria
SNOMED CT: X - Exophoria (46343005); Exophoria (46343005)
 
HPO: HP:0025313

Definition

A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward to a milder degree than with exotropia. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVExophoria

Conditions with this feature

Chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome
MedGen UID:
393913
Concept ID:
C2675897
Congenital Abnormality
The 1q21.1 recurrent microdeletion itself does not appear to lead to a clinically recognizable syndrome as some persons with the deletion have no obvious clinical findings and others have variable findings that most commonly include microcephaly (50%), mild intellectual disability (30%), mildly dysmorphic facial features, and eye abnormalities (26%). Other findings can include cardiac defects, genitourinary anomalies, skeletal malformations, and seizures (~15%). Psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities can include autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic features, and sleep disturbances.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lavrich JB, Hamburger JL, Lee KE, Thuma TBT, Omega ML, Zhang QE, Gunton KB
J AAPOS 2023 Dec;27(6):346.e1-346.e6. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.019. PMID: 37931838
Kushner BJ
J AAPOS 2019 Oct;23(5):256.e1-256.e6. Epub 2019 Sep 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.06.010. PMID: 31526859
Mohan A, Kaur N, Sen P, Jain E, Gajraj M
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Jan-Mar;69(1):30-33. Epub 2019 Mar 1 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2019.1578594. PMID: 30821632

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Asharlous A, Hashemi A
Strabismus 2022 Dec;30(4):190-195. Epub 2022 Oct 14 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2022.2134432. PMID: 36239198
Hsu JH, Lai LJ, Tung TH, Hsu WH
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Jun 24;101(25):e29482. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029482. PMID: 35758384Free PMC Article
Hashemi H, Nabovati P, Yekta AA, Agha Mirsalim M, Rafati S, Ostadimoghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M
Clin Exp Optom 2022 Jul;105(5):539-545. Epub 2021 May 20 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1922065. PMID: 34016028
Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 2;12(12):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub3. PMID: 33263359Free PMC Article
Scheiman M, Gwiazda J, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub2. PMID: 21412896Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Asharlous A, Hashemi A
Strabismus 2022 Dec;30(4):190-195. Epub 2022 Oct 14 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2022.2134432. PMID: 36239198
Ghobadi M, Nabovati P, Hashemi H, Talaei A, Fathi HR, Yekta Y, Ostadimoghaddam H, Yekta A, Khabazkhoob M
Clin Exp Optom 2022 May;105(4):392-397. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1932431. PMID: 34167446
Hashemi H, Nabovati P, Yekta AA, Agha Mirsalim M, Rafati S, Ostadimoghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M
Clin Exp Optom 2022 Jul;105(5):539-545. Epub 2021 May 20 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1922065. PMID: 34016028
Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 2;12(12):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub3. PMID: 33263359Free PMC Article
Nisted I, Maagaard ML, Welinder L
Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Jun;97(4):394-400. Epub 2018 Oct 18 doi: 10.1111/aos.13957. PMID: 30338671

Therapy

Corpus G, Molina-Martin A, Piñero DP
Semin Ophthalmol 2024 Apr;39(3):185-192. Epub 2023 Oct 18 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2271063. PMID: 37853677
Hashemi H, Nabovati P, Yekta AA, Agha Mirsalim M, Rafati S, Ostadimoghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M
Clin Exp Optom 2022 Jul;105(5):539-545. Epub 2021 May 20 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1922065. PMID: 34016028
Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 2;12(12):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub3. PMID: 33263359Free PMC Article
Baldini A, Nota A, Caruso S, Tecco S
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:2694517. Epub 2018 Jul 9 doi: 10.1155/2018/2694517. PMID: 30112371Free PMC Article
Scheiman M, Gwiazda J, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub2. PMID: 21412896Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Hsu JH, Lai LJ, Tung TH, Hsu WH
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Jun 24;101(25):e29482. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029482. PMID: 35758384Free PMC Article
Gil-Casas A, Piñero DP, Molina-Martin A
Clin Exp Optom 2022 Aug;105(6):631-636. Epub 2021 Aug 18 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1961566. PMID: 34406109
Nisted I, Maagaard ML, Welinder L
Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Jun;97(4):394-400. Epub 2018 Oct 18 doi: 10.1111/aos.13957. PMID: 30338671
Godts D, Deboutte I, Mathysen DGP
J AAPOS 2018 Apr;22(2):97-101. Epub 2018 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.12.010. PMID: 29551605
Babinsky E, Sreenivasan V, Candy TR
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015 Jan 29;56(2):1406-15. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14649. PMID: 25634983Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Ghobadi M, Nabovati P, Hashemi H, Talaei A, Fathi HR, Yekta Y, Ostadimoghaddam H, Yekta A, Khabazkhoob M
Clin Exp Optom 2022 May;105(4):392-397. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1932431. PMID: 34167446
Ma MM, Kang Y, Scheiman M, Chen Q, Ye X, Chen X
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021 Jan;41(1):33-41. Epub 2020 Nov 11 doi: 10.1111/opo.12758. PMID: 33179304
Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 2;12(12):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub3. PMID: 33263359Free PMC Article
Bade A, Boas M, Gallaway M, Mitchell GL, Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Rouse M; CITT Study Group
Optom Vis Sci 2013 Sep;90(9):988-95. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000012. PMID: 23958713Free PMC Article
Scheiman M, Gwiazda J, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub2. PMID: 21412896Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Corpus G, Molina-Martin A, Piñero DP
Semin Ophthalmol 2024 Apr;39(3):185-192. Epub 2023 Oct 18 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2271063. PMID: 37853677
Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 2;12(12):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub3. PMID: 33263359Free PMC Article
Scheiman M, Gwiazda J, Li T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD006768. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub2. PMID: 21412896Free PMC Article

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