U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Heterophoria

MedGen UID:
1671050
Concept ID:
C4721400
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Heterophorias
 
HPO: HP:0032011

Definition

Heterophorias are latent deviations that are controlled by fusion. In certain circumstances (specific visual tasks, fatigue, illness, etc.), fusion can no longer be maintained and decompensation occurs. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lavrich JB, Hamburger JL, Lee KE, Thuma TBT, Omega ML, Zhang QE, Gunton KB
J AAPOS 2023 Dec;27(6):346.e1-346.e6. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.019. PMID: 37931838
Manna P, Karmakar S, Bhardwaj GK, Mondal A
Eur J Ophthalmol 2023 May;33(3):1273-1286. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.1177/11206721221136438. PMID: 36384286
Coles-Brennan C, Sulley A, Young G
Clin Exp Optom 2019 Jan;102(1):18-29. Epub 2018 May 23 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12798. PMID: 29797453

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gantz L, Stiebel-Kalish H
J Optom 2022 Oct-Dec;15(4):256-270. Epub 2021 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.11.002. PMID: 34963569Free PMC Article
Vivekanand U, Lobo SG, Dharmappa N, Kesireddy A
Rom J Ophthalmol 2021 Oct-Dec;65(4):362-364. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2021.71. PMID: 35087977Free PMC Article
Fogt JS, Onate J, Emerson A, Kraemer W, Fogt N
Optom Vis Sci 2021 Jul 1;98(7):771-776. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001725. PMID: 34328456
Coles-Brennan C, Sulley A, Young G
Clin Exp Optom 2019 Jan;102(1):18-29. Epub 2018 May 23 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12798. PMID: 29797453
O'Colmain U, Gilmour C, MacEwen CJ
Acta Ophthalmol 2014 Jun;92(4):382-6. Epub 2013 Feb 7 doi: 10.1111/aos.12062. PMID: 23387838

Diagnosis

Manna P, Karmakar S, Bhardwaj GK, Mondal A
Eur J Ophthalmol 2023 May;33(3):1273-1286. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.1177/11206721221136438. PMID: 36384286
Gantz L, Stiebel-Kalish H
J Optom 2022 Oct-Dec;15(4):256-270. Epub 2021 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.11.002. PMID: 34963569Free PMC Article
Dostálová N, Vrubel M, Kachlík P
Cas Lek Cesk 2021 Spring;160(2-3):88-92. PMID: 34134500
Abouaf L, Vighetto A, Lebas M
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2015 Jul;76(3):210-9. Epub 2015 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.006. PMID: 26070465
O'Colmain U, Gilmour C, MacEwen CJ
Acta Ophthalmol 2014 Jun;92(4):382-6. Epub 2013 Feb 7 doi: 10.1111/aos.12062. PMID: 23387838

Therapy

Manna P, Karmakar S, Bhardwaj GK, Mondal A
Eur J Ophthalmol 2023 May;33(3):1273-1286. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.1177/11206721221136438. PMID: 36384286
Lew WH, Coates DR
PLoS One 2022;17(8):e0271881. Epub 2022 Aug 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271881. PMID: 35960712Free PMC Article
Hashemi H, Nabovati P, Yekta AA, Agha Mirsalim M, Rafati S, Ostadimoghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M
Clin Exp Optom 2022 Jul;105(5):539-545. Epub 2021 May 20 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1922065. PMID: 34016028
Barton JJS, Ranalli PJ
Surv Ophthalmol 2021 Mar-Apr;66(2):346-353. Epub 2020 Aug 19 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.08.001. PMID: 32827496
Troyer ME, Sreenivasan V, Peper TJ, Candy TR
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2017 Jan;37(1):7-15. Epub 2016 Dec 5 doi: 10.1111/opo.12342. PMID: 27921322Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Rossel-Zemkouo MJ, Bergholz R, Salchow DJ
Strabismus 2021 Mar;29(1):19-25. Epub 2021 Feb 25 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2021.1871635. PMID: 33632063
Sreenivasan V, Babinsky EE, Wu Y, Candy TR
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016 May 1;57(6):2678-88. doi: 10.1167/iovs.15-17877. PMID: 27183054Free PMC Article
Abouaf L, Vighetto A, Lebas M
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2015 Jul;76(3):210-9. Epub 2015 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.006. PMID: 26070465
Babinsky E, Sreenivasan V, Candy TR
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015 Jan 29;56(2):1406-15. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14649. PMID: 25634983Free PMC Article
Dawson E, Adams G, Mengher L, Lee J
Strabismus 2009 Oct-Dec;17(4):171-4. doi: 10.3109/09273970903353246. PMID: 20001513

Clinical prediction guides

Vivekanand U, Lobo SG, Dharmappa N, Kesireddy A
Rom J Ophthalmol 2021 Oct-Dec;65(4):362-364. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2021.71. PMID: 35087977Free PMC Article
Wajuihian SO
J Optom 2021 Apr-Jun;14(2):142-155. Epub 2020 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.06.008. PMID: 32883648Free PMC Article
Wajuihian SO
J Optom 2020 Jul-Sep;13(3):171-184. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.02.002. PMID: 32475793Free PMC Article
Abouaf L, Vighetto A, Lebas M
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2015 Jul;76(3):210-9. Epub 2015 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.006. PMID: 26070465
Backman HA
Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987 Apr;64(4):299-302. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198704000-00017. PMID: 3591901

Recent systematic reviews

Manna P, Karmakar S, Bhardwaj GK, Mondal A
Eur J Ophthalmol 2023 May;33(3):1273-1286. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.1177/11206721221136438. PMID: 36384286

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...