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Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

MedGen UID:
313356
•Concept ID:
C1708718
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Localized Non-Resectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Definition

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLocalized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Radioembolization for Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Review of Safety, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 Imaging Response and Survival.
Swinburne NC, Biederman DM, Besa C, Tabori NE, Fischman AM, Patel RS, Nowakowski FS, Gunasekaran G, Schwartz ME, Lookstein RA, Kim E
Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017 Jun;32(5):161-168. Epub 2017 Jun 9 doi: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2189. PMID: 28598685
Expanded Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Transplant.
Haberal M, Akdur A, Moray G, Arslan G, Özçay F, Selçuk H, Özdemir H
Exp Clin Transplant 2017 Mar;15(Suppl 2):55-58. doi: 10.6002/ect.TOND16.L14. PMID: 28302000

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Real-world efficacy and prognostic factors of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in 378 unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Yang X, Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Long J, Zhang N, Xue J, Xun Z, Zhang L, Cheng J, Lei J, Sun H, Li Y, Lin J, Xie F, Wang D, Pan J, Hu K, Guan M, Huo L, Shi J, Yu L, Zhou L, Zhou J, Lu Z, Yang X, Mao Y, Sang X, Lu Y, Zhao H
Hepatol Int 2023 Jun;17(3):709-719. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1007/s12072-022-10480-y. PMID: 36753026Free PMC Article
Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Chiang CL, Chiu KWH, Chan KSK, Lee FAS, Li JCB, Wan CWS, Dai WC, Lam TC, Chen W, Wong NSM, Cheung ALY, Lee VWY, Lau VWH, El Helali A, Man K, Kong FMS, Lo CM, Chan AC
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;8(2):169-178. Epub 2022 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00339-9. PMID: 36529152
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Surgical Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Zamora-Valdes D, Taner T, Nagorney DM
Cancer Control 2017 Jul-Sep;24(3):1073274817729258. doi: 10.1177/1073274817729258. PMID: 28975836Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease.
Fraquelli M, Nadarevic T, Colli A, Manzotti C, Giljaca V, Miletic D, Štimac D, Casazza G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Sep 2;9(9):CD013483. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013483.pub2. PMID: 36053210Free PMC Article
Short-term efficacy and safety of callispheres drug-loaded microsphere embolization in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Li J, Wang N, Shi C, Liu Q, Song J, Ye X
J Cancer Res Ther 2021 Jul;17(3):733-739. doi: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1848_20. PMID: 34269307
Cost-effectiveness of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab vs Sorafenib for Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Zhang X, Wang J, Shi J, Jia X, Dang S, Wang W
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Apr 1;4(4):e214846. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4846. PMID: 33825837Free PMC Article
Salvage Surgery for Initially Unresectable Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Downstaged by Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy.
Goto Y, Hisaka T, Sakai H, Takagi K, Fukutomi S, Akagi Y, Okuda K
Anticancer Res 2020 Aug;40(8):4773-4777. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14479. PMID: 32727804
Unresectable solitary hepatocellular carcinoma not amenable to radiofrequency ablation: multicenter radiology-pathology correlation and survival of radiation segmentectomy.
Vouche M, Habib A, Ward TJ, Kim E, Kulik L, Ganger D, Mulcahy M, Baker T, Abecassis M, Sato KT, Caicedo JC, Fryer J, Hickey R, Hohlastos E, Lewandowski RJ, Salem R
Hepatology 2014 Jul;60(1):192-201. Epub 2014 May 27 doi: 10.1002/hep.27057. PMID: 24691943

Therapy

Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Chiang CL, Chiu KWH, Chan KSK, Lee FAS, Li JCB, Wan CWS, Dai WC, Lam TC, Chen W, Wong NSM, Cheung ALY, Lee VWY, Lau VWH, El Helali A, Man K, Kong FMS, Lo CM, Chan AC
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;8(2):169-178. Epub 2022 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00339-9. PMID: 36529152
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 7;3(3):CD011314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011314.pub2. PMID: 28267205Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Lo SS, Dawson LA, Kim EY, Mayr NA, Wang JZ, Huang Z, Cardenes HR
Discov Med 2010 May;9(48):404-10. PMID: 20515608

Prognosis

Real-world efficacy and prognostic factors of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in 378 unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Yang X, Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Long J, Zhang N, Xue J, Xun Z, Zhang L, Cheng J, Lei J, Sun H, Li Y, Lin J, Xie F, Wang D, Pan J, Hu K, Guan M, Huo L, Shi J, Yu L, Zhou L, Zhou J, Lu Z, Yang X, Mao Y, Sang X, Lu Y, Zhao H
Hepatol Int 2023 Jun;17(3):709-719. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1007/s12072-022-10480-y. PMID: 36753026Free PMC Article
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Proton beam therapy outcomes for localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chadha AS, Gunther JR, Hsieh CE, Aliru M, Mahadevan LS, Venkatesulu BP, Crane CH, Das P, Herman JM, Koay EJ, Taniguchi C, Holliday EB, Minsky BD, Suh Y, Park P, Sawakuchi G, Beddar S, Odisio BC, Gupta S, Loyer E, Kaur H, Raghav K, Javle MM, Kaseb AO, Krishnan S
Radiother Oncol 2019 Apr;133:54-61. Epub 2019 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.10.041. PMID: 30935582Free PMC Article
External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 7;3(3):CD011314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011314.pub2. PMID: 28267205Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Real-world efficacy and prognostic factors of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in 378 unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Yang X, Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Long J, Zhang N, Xue J, Xun Z, Zhang L, Cheng J, Lei J, Sun H, Li Y, Lin J, Xie F, Wang D, Pan J, Hu K, Guan M, Huo L, Shi J, Yu L, Zhou L, Zhou J, Lu Z, Yang X, Mao Y, Sang X, Lu Y, Zhao H
Hepatol Int 2023 Jun;17(3):709-719. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1007/s12072-022-10480-y. PMID: 36753026Free PMC Article
Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Chiang CL, Chiu KWH, Chan KSK, Lee FAS, Li JCB, Wan CWS, Dai WC, Lam TC, Chen W, Wong NSM, Cheung ALY, Lee VWY, Lau VWH, El Helali A, Man K, Kong FMS, Lo CM, Chan AC
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;8(2):169-178. Epub 2022 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00339-9. PMID: 36529152
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Proton beam therapy outcomes for localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chadha AS, Gunther JR, Hsieh CE, Aliru M, Mahadevan LS, Venkatesulu BP, Crane CH, Das P, Herman JM, Koay EJ, Taniguchi C, Holliday EB, Minsky BD, Suh Y, Park P, Sawakuchi G, Beddar S, Odisio BC, Gupta S, Loyer E, Kaur H, Raghav K, Javle MM, Kaseb AO, Krishnan S
Radiother Oncol 2019 Apr;133:54-61. Epub 2019 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.10.041. PMID: 30935582Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Microwave ablation for hepatic malignancies: a systematic review of the technology and differences in devices.
Barrow B, Martin Ii RCG
Surg Endosc 2023 Feb;37(2):817-834. Epub 2022 Sep 8 doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09567-2. PMID: 36076101
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease.
Fraquelli M, Nadarevic T, Colli A, Manzotti C, Giljaca V, Miletic D, Štimac D, Casazza G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Sep 2;9(9):CD013483. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013483.pub2. PMID: 36053210Free PMC Article
Selective internal radiation therapies for unresectable early-, intermediate- or advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review, network meta-analysis and economic evaluation.
Walton M, Wade R, Claxton L, Sharif-Hurst S, Harden M, Patel J, Rowe I, Hodgson R, Eastwood A
Health Technol Assess 2020 Sep;24(48):1-264. doi: 10.3310/hta24480. PMID: 33001024Free PMC Article
External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 7;3(3):CD011314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011314.pub2. PMID: 28267205Free PMC Article

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