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Histiocytic medullary reticulosis

MedGen UID:
398130
Concept ID:
C2700553
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Omenn syndrome; Reticuloendotheliosis familial with eosinophilia; Severe combined immunodeficiency with hypereosinophilia
SNOMED CT: Omenn's syndrome (307650006); Omenn syndrome (722067005)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Genes (locations): DCLRE1C (10p13); RAG1 (11p12); RAG2 (11p12)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011338
OMIM®: 603554
Orphanet: ORPHA39041

Definition

Omenn syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) associated with erythrodermia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and alopecia. B cells are mostly absent, T-cell counts are normal to elevated, and T cells are frequently activated and express a restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire (summary by Ege et al., 2005). Another distinct form of familial histiocytic reticulocytosis (267700) is caused by mutation in the perforin-1 gene (PRF1; 170280) on chromosome 10q22. [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Omenn syndrome is an inherited disorder of the immune system (immunodeficiency). Omenn syndrome is one of several forms of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a group of disorders that cause individuals to have virtually no immune protection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Individuals with SCID are prone to repeated and persistent infections that can be very serious or life-threatening. Infants with Omenn syndrome typically experience pneumonia and chronic diarrhea. Often the organisms that cause infection in people with this disorder are described as opportunistic because they ordinarily do not cause illness in healthy people.

In addition to immunodeficiency, children with Omenn syndrome develop autoimmunity, in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. This abnormal immune reaction can cause very red skin (erythroderma), hair loss (alopecia), and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). In addition, affected individuals have enlargement of tissues that produce infection-fighting white blood cells called lymphocytes. These include the thymus, which is a gland located behind the breastbone, and lymph nodes, which are found throughout the body.

If not treated in a way that restores immune function, children with Omenn syndrome usually survive only until age 1 or 2.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/omenn-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Diarrhea
MedGen UID:
8360
Concept ID:
C0011991
Sign or Symptom
Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.
Hepatomegaly
MedGen UID:
42428
Concept ID:
C0019209
Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Anemia
MedGen UID:
1526
Concept ID:
C0002871
Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.
Thrombocytopenia
MedGen UID:
52737
Concept ID:
C0040034
Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes.
Erythroderma
MedGen UID:
3767
Concept ID:
C0011606
Disease or Syndrome
An inflammatory exfoliative dermatosis involving nearly all of the surface of the skin. Erythroderma develops suddenly. A patchy erythema may generalize and spread to affect most of the skin. Scaling may appear in 2-6 days and be accompanied by hot, red, dry skin, malaise, and fever.
Eosinophilia
MedGen UID:
41824
Concept ID:
C0014457
Disease or Syndrome
Increased count of eosinophils in the blood.
Pneumonia
MedGen UID:
10813
Concept ID:
C0032285
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of any part of the lung parenchyma.
Splenomegaly
MedGen UID:
52469
Concept ID:
C0038002
Finding
Abnormal increased size of the spleen.
Lymphadenopathy
MedGen UID:
96929
Concept ID:
C0497156
Disease or Syndrome
Enlargment (swelling) of a lymph node.
Hypoplasia of the thymus
MedGen UID:
146347
Concept ID:
C0685891
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the thymus.
Recurrent viral infections
MedGen UID:
332357
Concept ID:
C1837066
Finding
Increased susceptibility to viral infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of viral infection.
Recurrent bacterial infections
MedGen UID:
334943
Concept ID:
C1844383
Finding
Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection.
Recurrent fungal infections
MedGen UID:
336166
Concept ID:
C1844384
Disease or Syndrome
Increased susceptibility to fungal infections, as manifested by multiple episodes of fungal infection.
B lymphocytopenia
MedGen UID:
340780
Concept ID:
C1855067
Finding
An abnormal decrease from the normal count of B cells.
Severe B lymphocytopenia
MedGen UID:
350238
Concept ID:
C1863715
Finding
A severe form of B lymphocytopenia in which the count of B cells is very low or absent.
Hypoproteinemia
MedGen UID:
581229
Concept ID:
C0392692
Finding
A decreased concentration of protein in the blood.
Alopecia
MedGen UID:
7982
Concept ID:
C0002170
Finding
A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.
Thickened skin
MedGen UID:
66024
Concept ID:
C0241165
Finding
Laminar thickening of skin.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHistiocytic medullary reticulosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Jaffe ES
Semin Diagn Pathol 1988 Nov;5(4):376-90. PMID: 3064218

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Chang CS, Wang CH, Su IJ, Chen YC, Shen MC
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Cancer 1975 Jan;35(1):215-30. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197501)35:1<215::aid-cncr2820350127>3.0.co;2-h. PMID: 1167345

Diagnosis

Jaffe ES
Semin Diagn Pathol 1988 Nov;5(4):376-90. PMID: 3064218
Lancet 1983 Feb 26;1(8322):455-6. PMID: 6131175
Koto A, Morecki R, Santorineou M
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FRIEDMAN RM, STEIGBIGEL NH
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Therapy

Pizzuto J, Aviles A, Conte G, Morales M, Ambriz R, Butron L
Med Pediatr Oncol 1980;8(1):41-6. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950080107. PMID: 7442616
Kornblut AD, Gadek JE, Fauci AS, Wolff SM
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Trop Geogr Med 1974 Mar;26(1):31-8. PMID: 4830617

Prognosis

Chen RL, Su IJ, Lin KH, Lee SH, Lin DT, Chuu WM, Lin KS, Huang LM, Lee CY
Am J Clin Pathol 1991 Aug;96(2):171-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/96.2.171. PMID: 1650532
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Pediatr Dermatol 1985 Nov;3(1):19-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1985.tb00480.x. PMID: 2999740
Kornblut AD, Gadek JE, Fauci AS, Wolff SM
Laryngoscope 1978 Oct;88(10):1596-602. doi: 10.1288/00005537-197810000-00005. PMID: 703453
Serck-Hanssen A
Recent Results Cancer Res 1973;41:292-7. PMID: 4803980

Clinical prediction guides

de Cremoux H, Monnet I, Fleury J, Chleq C
Eur Respir J 1991 Jan;4(1):122-4. PMID: 1851104
Nanno T, Adachi Y, Enomoto M, Nagamine Y, Suwa M, Suzuki T, Takaoka A, Yamamoto T
Jpn J Med 1988 May;27(2):195-9. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine1962.27.195. PMID: 3418986
Warnke RA, Kim H, Dorfman RF
Cancer 1975 Jan;35(1):215-30. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197501)35:1<215::aid-cncr2820350127>3.0.co;2-h. PMID: 1167345
Young CW, Dowling MD Jr
Cancer Res 1975 May;35(5):1218-24. PMID: 1091349

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