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Carcinoma of anal canal

MedGen UID:
107559
•Concept ID:
C0563211
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: ANAL CANAL CARCINOMA
SNOMED CT: Carcinoma of anal canal (285310000)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007108
OMIM®: 105580
Orphanet: ORPHA424013

Definition

A squamous cell carcinoma or less frequently an adenocarcinoma, often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Homosexual men are at particular risk. The most important prognostic factors are tumor stage and nodal status. [from NCI]

Clinical features

From HPO
Anal canal squamous carcinoma
MedGen UID:
870534
•Concept ID:
C4024982
•
Neoplastic Process
See: Feature record | Search on this feature

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Radiotherapy of anal canal cancer.
Peiffert D, Huguet F, Vendrely V, Moureau-Zabotto L, Rivin Del Campo E, Créhange G, Dietmann AS, Moignier A
Cancer Radiother 2022 Feb-Apr;26(1-2):279-285. Epub 2021 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.015. PMID: 34955416
Management of persistent anal canal carcinoma after combined-modality therapy: a clinical review.
Musio D, De Felice F, Raffetto N, Tombolini V
Radiat Oncol 2014 Jan 28;9:39. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-9-39. PMID: 24472223Free PMC Article
Chemotherapy in the treatment of anal canal carcinoma.
Cacheux W, Lievre A, De La Rochefordiere A, Dieumegard B, Cvitkovic F, Labib A, Mitry E, Buecher B
Dig Liver Dis 2012 Oct;44(10):803-11. Epub 2012 May 30 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.04.013. PMID: 22658644

Curated

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) Anal Carcinoma, 2023

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Relapsed refractory metastatic squamous cell cancer of anal canal in a patient with retroviral infection responding to cetuximab.
Lerner J, Michel M, Dasanu CA
J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020 Jun;26(4):1025-1028. Epub 2019 Nov 4 doi: 10.1177/1078155219884605. PMID: 31684821
Urethral dose sparing in squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal using proton therapy matching electrons with prior brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A case study.
Apinorasethkul O, Lenards N, Hunzeker A
Med Dosim 2016 Autumn;41(3):242-7. Epub 2016 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2016.05.003. PMID: 27396941
A Phase I/II trial of chemoradiotherapy concurrent with S-1 plus mitomycin C in patients with clinical Stage II/III squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal (JCOG0903: SMART-AC).
Takashima A, Shimada Y, Hamaguchi T, Ito Y, Nakano A, Nakamura K, Shibata T, Fukuda H, Moriya Y; Colorectal Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011 May;41(5):713-7. Epub 2011 Apr 5 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyr028. PMID: 21467080
Impact of radiation dose on locoregional control and survival on squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal.
Engineer R, Mallik S, Mahantshetty U, Shrivastava S
Radiother Oncol 2010 Jun;95(3):283-7. Epub 2010 May 7 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.04.013. PMID: 20452695
Management of carcinoma anal canal with combination chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy.
Mishra RC, Senapati S, Sai PL
J Indian Med Assoc 1996 Feb;94(2):53-4, 57. PMID: 8810177

Diagnosis

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal with adenoid cystic pattern and liver metastasis: A rare case report.
Rani U, Tanwar P, Jain SL, Verma N, Dahiya S, Lal P
Diagn Cytopathol 2022 May;50(5):E114-E118. Epub 2021 Dec 21 doi: 10.1002/dc.24918. PMID: 34931759
Ten years and counting: Survival in stage IV metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal following radical treatment.
Maulik S, Hande V, Engineer R, Mahantshetty U
J Cancer Res Ther 2020 Dec;16(Supplement):S227-S229. doi: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_118_18. PMID: 33380684
Rhabdoid carcinoma of anal canal: role of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in establishing lineage.
Shetuni BB, Irtaza U, Melnyk J, Chou PM, Rao S, Yang GY
Ultrastruct Pathol 2014 Dec;38(6):425-9. Epub 2014 Sep 5 doi: 10.3109/01913123.2014.952469. PMID: 25192454
T1 neuroendocrine carcinoma of anal canal after transanal resection for intramucosal adenocarcinoma.
Kobayashi H, Ueno H, Hashiguchi Y, Ishiguro M, Omata J, Kajiwara Y, Shimazaki H, Mochizuki H
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006 May;36(5):325-8. Epub 2006 May 15 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyl009. PMID: 16702164
Chemoradiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal cancer: report of a case.
Ando H, Nishimura T, Nakamura T, Sugimura H, Nakamura S
Radiat Med 2000 May-Jun;18(3):199-203. PMID: 10972551

Therapy

Relapsed refractory metastatic squamous cell cancer of anal canal in a patient with retroviral infection responding to cetuximab.
Lerner J, Michel M, Dasanu CA
J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020 Jun;26(4):1025-1028. Epub 2019 Nov 4 doi: 10.1177/1078155219884605. PMID: 31684821
Urethral dose sparing in squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal using proton therapy matching electrons with prior brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A case study.
Apinorasethkul O, Lenards N, Hunzeker A
Med Dosim 2016 Autumn;41(3):242-7. Epub 2016 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2016.05.003. PMID: 27396941
A Phase I/II trial of chemoradiotherapy concurrent with S-1 plus mitomycin C in patients with clinical Stage II/III squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal (JCOG0903: SMART-AC).
Takashima A, Shimada Y, Hamaguchi T, Ito Y, Nakano A, Nakamura K, Shibata T, Fukuda H, Moriya Y; Colorectal Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011 May;41(5):713-7. Epub 2011 Apr 5 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyr028. PMID: 21467080
Organ-preserving multimodality management of squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal.
Deo SV, Shukla NK, Raina V, Mohanti BK, Sharan R, Kar M, Rath GK
Indian J Gastroenterol 2005 Sep-Oct;24(5):201-4. PMID: 16361764
Management of carcinoma anal canal with combination chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy.
Mishra RC, Senapati S, Sai PL
J Indian Med Assoc 1996 Feb;94(2):53-4, 57. PMID: 8810177

Prognosis

Ten years and counting: Survival in stage IV metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal following radical treatment.
Maulik S, Hande V, Engineer R, Mahantshetty U
J Cancer Res Ther 2020 Dec;16(Supplement):S227-S229. doi: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_118_18. PMID: 33380684
Relapsed refractory metastatic squamous cell cancer of anal canal in a patient with retroviral infection responding to cetuximab.
Lerner J, Michel M, Dasanu CA
J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020 Jun;26(4):1025-1028. Epub 2019 Nov 4 doi: 10.1177/1078155219884605. PMID: 31684821
The prognostic role of hemoglobin levels in patients undergoing concurrent chemo-radiation for anal cancer.
Franco P, Montagnani F, Arcadipane F, Casadei C, Andrikou K, Martini S, Iorio GC, Scartozzi M, Mistrangelo M, Fornaro L, Cassoni P, Cascinu S, Ricardi U, Casadei Gardini A
Radiat Oncol 2018 May 2;13(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13014-018-1035-9. PMID: 29720197Free PMC Article
Impact of radiation dose on locoregional control and survival on squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal.
Engineer R, Mallik S, Mahantshetty U, Shrivastava S
Radiother Oncol 2010 Jun;95(3):283-7. Epub 2010 May 7 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.04.013. PMID: 20452695
Management of carcinoma anal canal with combination chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy.
Mishra RC, Senapati S, Sai PL
J Indian Med Assoc 1996 Feb;94(2):53-4, 57. PMID: 8810177

Clinical prediction guides

Higher radiation dose with a shorter treatment duration improves outcome for locally advanced carcinoma of anal canal.
Huang K, Haas-Kogan D, Weinberg V, Krieg R
World J Gastroenterol 2007 Feb 14;13(6):895-900. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i6.895. PMID: 17352019Free PMC Article

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    Curated

    • NCCN, 2023
      NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) Anal Carcinoma, 2023

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