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Rectal neoplasm

MedGen UID:
11148
•Concept ID:
C0034885
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Neoplasm of the rectum; Rectal neoplasms
SNOMED CT: Neoplasm of rectum (126847008); Tumor of rectum (126847008)
 
HPO: HP:0100743
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002165

Definition

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVRectal neoplasm

Conditions with this feature

Mismatch repair cancer syndrome 3
MedGen UID:
1733656
•Concept ID:
C5436807
•
Disease or Syndrome
Mismatch repair cancer syndrome-3 (MMRCS3) is an autosomal recessive childhood cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by brain tumors, hematologic malignancy, and gastrointestinal tumors. Multiple cafe-au-lait spots, axillary freckling, and, rarely, Lisch nodules reminiscent of neurofibromatosis type I (NF1; 162200) may be present (Hegde et al., 2005, Ostergaard et al., 2005). Microsatellite instability may be detected in tumor samples (Hegde et al., 2005). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mismatch repair cancer syndrome, see MMRCS1 (276300).
See: Condition Record
Mismatch repair cancer syndrome 3

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Symptoms and diagnosis of local recurrence after rectal cancer treatment.
Waldenstedt S, Haglind E, Angenete E
Acta Oncol 2022 Sep;61(9):1043-1049. Epub 2022 Aug 13 doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2022.2106794. PMID: 35968829
Critical and Challenging Issues in the Surgical Management of Low-Lying Rectal Cancer.
Nacion AJD, Park YY, Yang SY, Kim NK
Yonsei Med J 2018 Aug;59(6):703-716. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.6.703. PMID: 29978607Free PMC Article
Management of stage II and III rectal cancer in British Columbia: Is there a rural-urban difference?
Lefresne S, Cheung WY, Hay J, Brown CJ, Speers C, Olson R
Am J Surg 2018 Nov;216(5):906-911. Epub 2017 Dec 6 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.11.039. PMID: 29254833

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Symptoms and diagnosis of local recurrence after rectal cancer treatment.
Waldenstedt S, Haglind E, Angenete E
Acta Oncol 2022 Sep;61(9):1043-1049. Epub 2022 Aug 13 doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2022.2106794. PMID: 35968829
The number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III and high-risk stage II rectal cancer: a nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis.
Chen WW, Wang WL, Dong HM, Wang G, Li XK, Li GD, Chen WH, Chen J, Bai SX
World J Surg Oncol 2022 Apr 12;20(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12957-022-02582-6. PMID: 35413852Free PMC Article
Ostomy prevalence and survival in elderly patients with stage III and IV rectal cancer.
Badic B, Oguer M, Cariou M, Kermarrec T, Bouzeloc S, Nousbaum JB, Robaszkiewicz M, Quénéhervé L
Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021 Aug;21(8):670-675. Epub 2021 Jun 29 doi: 10.1111/ggi.14225. PMID: 34189871
Anastomotic Leaks After Restorative Resections for Rectal Cancer Compromise Cancer Outcomes and Survival.
Lu ZR, Rajendran N, Lynch AC, Heriot AG, Warrier SK
Dis Colon Rectum 2016 Mar;59(3):236-44. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000554. PMID: 26855399
Thromboembolism during neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a systematic review.
Smart PJ, Burbury KL, Lynch AC, Mackay JR, Heriot AG
Colorectal Dis 2013 Sep;15(9):e496-502. doi: 10.1111/codi.12332. PMID: 23910015

Diagnosis

Symptoms and diagnosis of local recurrence after rectal cancer treatment.
Waldenstedt S, Haglind E, Angenete E
Acta Oncol 2022 Sep;61(9):1043-1049. Epub 2022 Aug 13 doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2022.2106794. PMID: 35968829
The number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III and high-risk stage II rectal cancer: a nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis.
Chen WW, Wang WL, Dong HM, Wang G, Li XK, Li GD, Chen WH, Chen J, Bai SX
World J Surg Oncol 2022 Apr 12;20(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12957-022-02582-6. PMID: 35413852Free PMC Article
Factors contributing to time to diagnosis in symptomatic colorectal cancer: A scoping review.
Golding H, Webber CE, Groome PA
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2021 May;30(3):e13397. Epub 2020 Dec 30 doi: 10.1111/ecc.13397. PMID: 33377574
Metabolic dysfunction and early-onset colorectal cancer - how macrophages build the bridge.
Scheurlen KM, Billeter AT, O'Brien SJ, Galandiuk S
Cancer Med 2020 Sep;9(18):6679-6693. Epub 2020 Jul 23 doi: 10.1002/cam4.3315. PMID: 33624450Free PMC Article
Anastomotic Leaks After Restorative Resections for Rectal Cancer Compromise Cancer Outcomes and Survival.
Lu ZR, Rajendran N, Lynch AC, Heriot AG, Warrier SK
Dis Colon Rectum 2016 Mar;59(3):236-44. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000554. PMID: 26855399

Therapy

Preoperative sequential short-course radiation therapy and FOLFOX chemotherapy versus long-course chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (SOLAR trial).
Kang MK, Park SY, Park JS, Kim HJ, Kim JG, Kang BW, Baek JH, Cho SH, Seo AN, Kim DW, Kim J, Baek SJ, Kim JH, Kim JY, Ha GW, Park EJ, Park IJ, Kim CH, Kang H, Choi GS
BMC Cancer 2023 Nov 3;23(1):1059. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-11363-7. PMID: 37923987Free PMC Article
Operative and oncological outcomes after robotic rectal resection compared with laparoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Flynn J, Larach JT, Kong JCH, Rahme J, Waters PS, Warrier SK, Heriot A
ANZ J Surg 2023 Mar;93(3):510-521. Epub 2022 Oct 10 doi: 10.1111/ans.18075. PMID: 36214098
Anastomotic Leaks After Restorative Resections for Rectal Cancer Compromise Cancer Outcomes and Survival.
Lu ZR, Rajendran N, Lynch AC, Heriot AG, Warrier SK
Dis Colon Rectum 2016 Mar;59(3):236-44. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000554. PMID: 26855399
Neoadjuvant vs adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Which is superior?
Popek S, Tsikitis VL
World J Gastroenterol 2011 Feb 21;17(7):848-54. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i7.848. PMID: 21412494Free PMC Article
Radiation therapy and combined modality treatment of gastrointestinal carcinomas.
Oehler C, Ciernik IF
Cancer Treat Rev 2006 Apr;32(2):119-38. Epub 2006 Mar 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.01.002. PMID: 16524667

Prognosis

Lateral Pelvic Sidewall Nodes.
Kelly ME, Heriot AG
Dis Colon Rectum 2023 Mar 1;66(3):355-357. Epub 2023 Jan 4 doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002706. PMID: 36728599
Symptoms and diagnosis of local recurrence after rectal cancer treatment.
Waldenstedt S, Haglind E, Angenete E
Acta Oncol 2022 Sep;61(9):1043-1049. Epub 2022 Aug 13 doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2022.2106794. PMID: 35968829
The number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III and high-risk stage II rectal cancer: a nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis.
Chen WW, Wang WL, Dong HM, Wang G, Li XK, Li GD, Chen WH, Chen J, Bai SX
World J Surg Oncol 2022 Apr 12;20(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12957-022-02582-6. PMID: 35413852Free PMC Article
Ostomy prevalence and survival in elderly patients with stage III and IV rectal cancer.
Badic B, Oguer M, Cariou M, Kermarrec T, Bouzeloc S, Nousbaum JB, Robaszkiewicz M, Quénéhervé L
Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021 Aug;21(8):670-675. Epub 2021 Jun 29 doi: 10.1111/ggi.14225. PMID: 34189871
Metabolic dysfunction and early-onset colorectal cancer - how macrophages build the bridge.
Scheurlen KM, Billeter AT, O'Brien SJ, Galandiuk S
Cancer Med 2020 Sep;9(18):6679-6693. Epub 2020 Jul 23 doi: 10.1002/cam4.3315. PMID: 33624450Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Lateral Pelvic Sidewall Nodes.
Kelly ME, Heriot AG
Dis Colon Rectum 2023 Mar 1;66(3):355-357. Epub 2023 Jan 4 doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002706. PMID: 36728599
The number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III and high-risk stage II rectal cancer: a nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis.
Chen WW, Wang WL, Dong HM, Wang G, Li XK, Li GD, Chen WH, Chen J, Bai SX
World J Surg Oncol 2022 Apr 12;20(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12957-022-02582-6. PMID: 35413852Free PMC Article
Ostomy prevalence and survival in elderly patients with stage III and IV rectal cancer.
Badic B, Oguer M, Cariou M, Kermarrec T, Bouzeloc S, Nousbaum JB, Robaszkiewicz M, Quénéhervé L
Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021 Aug;21(8):670-675. Epub 2021 Jun 29 doi: 10.1111/ggi.14225. PMID: 34189871
A prospective study of health related quality of life, bowel and sexual function after TaTME and conventional laparoscopic TME for mid and low rectal cancer.
Li Y, Bai X, Niu B, Zhou J, Qiu H, Xiao Y, Lin G
Tech Coloproctol 2021 Apr;25(4):449-459. Epub 2021 Mar 1 doi: 10.1007/s10151-020-02397-1. PMID: 33646454
Clinical and pathological outcomes of induction chemotherapy before neoadjuvant radiotherapy in locally-advanced rectal cancer.
Hardiman KM, Antunez AG, Kanters A, Schuman AD, Regenbogen SE
J Surg Oncol 2019 Aug;120(2):308-315. Epub 2019 Apr 16 doi: 10.1002/jso.25474. PMID: 30993710Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Operative and oncological outcomes after robotic rectal resection compared with laparoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Flynn J, Larach JT, Kong JCH, Rahme J, Waters PS, Warrier SK, Heriot A
ANZ J Surg 2023 Mar;93(3):510-521. Epub 2022 Oct 10 doi: 10.1111/ans.18075. PMID: 36214098
Should the rectal defect be sutured following TEMS/TAMIS carried out for neoplastic rectal lesions? A meta-analysis.
Khan K, Hunter IA, Manzoor T
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020 Nov;102(9):647-653. Epub 2020 Jun 15 doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0135. PMID: 32538129Free PMC Article
Predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review.
Ryan JE, Warrier SK, Lynch AC, Ramsay RG, Phillips WA, Heriot AG
Colorectal Dis 2016 Mar;18(3):234-46. doi: 10.1111/codi.13207. PMID: 26531759
Assessing pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review.
Ryan JE, Warrier SK, Lynch AC, Heriot AG
Colorectal Dis 2015 Oct;17(10):849-61. doi: 10.1111/codi.13081. PMID: 26260213
Thromboembolism during neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a systematic review.
Smart PJ, Burbury KL, Lynch AC, Mackay JR, Heriot AG
Colorectal Dis 2013 Sep;15(9):e496-502. doi: 10.1111/codi.12332. PMID: 23910015

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